Is there a relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome and the FABP1 gene rs2197076 single nucleotide polymorphism?

Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial, endocrine, and metabolic disorder seen in 10%-20% of women of reproductive age. Due to the close relationship observed between the increased risk of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance and the polymorphism of the fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) gene rs2197076 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), we investigated the frequency of the FABP1 gene rs2197076 SNP in patients with PCOS. Methods: This is a prospective case-control study. The study included 151 women—75 patients with PCOS and 76 healthy women. A real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for the FABP1 rs2197076 polymorphism. Additionally, biochemical and hormonal levels of the patients were studied. Results: Menstrual irregularities, the body mass index (BMI), hirsutism scores, the luteinizing hormone / follicular stimulating hormone ratio, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and testosterone levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control. There was no significant difference between the PCOS and control groups in terms of FABP1 rs2197076 genotype distribution and FABP1 rs2197076 allele frequency distribution. Conclusion: There was no increase in the genotype distribution and allelic frequency of the FABP1 gene rs2197076 SNP in PCOS patients. Further studies are needed on this subject

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Miyokard infarktüsü sonrası ilaç uyumu: Tek merkezli retrospektif kohort çalışması

Aim: The study is designed to compare the discharge prescriptions of ST-elevated (STEMI) and non ST-elevated (NSTEMI) myocardial infarction patients and the medications used end of first year and also to investigate the relationship between MI type, gender, age groups and drug adherence.Material and Methods: In retrospect, data from 413 patients were collected via epicrisis and phone visits. Discharge and the outpatient medications end of one year were compared.Results: Of the 413 patients included in the study, 312 (%75) were male. MI type distribution was NSTEMI with a ratio of 38.5% (n = 159) and STEMI with a ratio of 61.5% (n = 254). Only 2 (0.5%) patients did not receive acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at discharge. The rate of beta-blocker, statin, clopidogrel users were %94.4, %97.1 and %97.8, respectively. The rate of patients who used five drugs (ASA, beta blocker, ACEI/ARB, statin, clopidogrel) at discharge was 78.7% (n = 325). At the end of first year, the rate of ASA, statin, beta blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/aldosterone receptor blocker(ACEI/ARB) and clopidogrel users dropped down to 88.1% (n = 364), 66% (n = 273), 80.9% (n = 334), 69.7% (n = 288) and 81.3% (n = 336), respectively(p<0.05 for all parameters). After one year, the number of patients using five drugs dropped to %45(p<0.05). Beta-blocker target dose was achieved in 68(16.5%) patients and ACEI / ARB target dose was achieved in 74(17.9%) patients. Patients with renal failure were not able to reach the target doses of ACEI/ARB at the end of first year (p: 0,033). And also renal failure is considered as an impediment to proper drug use at discharge and end of the first year (p <0.01 and p<0.01 respectively).Conclusion: It was determined that treatment compliance was impaired at the end of one year in a significant proportion of patients with acute coronary syndrome. One year later, compliance with treatment was higher in females than in males and was inversely related to age and renal failure. It is observed that follow-up training programs are needed to succeed in drug adherence.Amaç: Çalışma, ST yükselmeli (STEMI) ve ST yükselmesiz (NSTEMI) miyokard infarktüslü hastaların taburculuk reçetelerini ve birinci yıl sonundaki kullanılan ilaçlarını karşılaştırmak ve ayrıca bunların MI tipi ile cinsiyet, yaş arasındaki ilişkisini araştırmak için tasarlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Retrospektif olarak 413 hastanın verileri epikriz ve telefon ziyaretleri yoluyla toplandı. Taburculuk ve bir yıl sonunda kullanılan ilaçları karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 413 hastanın 312'si (% 75) erkekti. MI tipi dağılımı % 38.5 (n=159) NSTEMI, % 61.5 (n=254) STEMI’idi. Sadece 2 (% 0.5) hasta taburcu olduklarında asetilsalisilik asit (ASA) almadı. Beta-bloker, statin, klopidogrel kullanıcılarının oranı sırasıyla% 94.4,% 97.1 ve% 97.8’di. Taburculukta beşli ilaç (ASA, beta bloker, ADEİ / ARB, statin, klopidogrel) kullanan hastaların oranı % 78.7’di (n=325). İlk yılın sonunda, ASA, statin, beta bloker, anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim inhibitörleri / aldosteron reseptör bloker (ADEİ / ARB) ve klopidogrel kullananların oranı sırasıyla; % 88.1'e (n=364), % 66'ya (n=273), % 80.9’a (n = 334),% 69.7’ye (n=288) ve % 81.3’e düştü (n=336) (tüm parametreler için p <0.05). Bir yıl sonra, beşli ilaç kullanan hasta sayısı % 45'e düştü (p <0.05). 68 hastada (% 16.5) beta blokör hedef dozu, 74 hastada (% 17.9) ADEİ/ ARB hedef dozu sağlandı. Böbrek yetmezliği olan hastalar birinci yıl sonunda ADEI / ARB hedef dozlarına ulaşamadı (p: 0,033). Ayrıca böbrek yetmezliğinin taburculuk sırasında ve ilk yılın sonunda uygun ilaç kullanımına engel olduğu gözlendi (sırasıyla p <0.01 ve p <0.01). Sonuç: Akut koroner sendromlu hastaların önemli bir bölümünde tedavi uyumu bir yıl sonunda bozulmuş bulundu. Bir yıl sonra, tedaviye uyum kadınlarda erkeklere göre daha yüksekti, yaş ve böbrek yetmezliği ile ters orantılıydı. İlaç uyumunda başarılı olmak için takip eğitim programlarına ihtiyaç duyulduğu gözlendi

Miyokard infarktüsü sonrası ilaç uyumu: Tek merkezli retrospektif kohort çalışması

Aim: The study is designed to compare the discharge prescriptions of ST-elevated (STEMI) and non ST-elevated (NSTEMI) myocardial infarction patients and the medications used end of first year and also to investigate the relationship between MI type, gender, age groups and drug adherence.Material and Methods: In retrospect, data from 413 patients were collected via epicrisis and phone visits. Discharge and the outpatient medications end of one year were compared.Results: Of the 413 patients included in the study, 312 (%75) were male. MI type distribution was NSTEMI with a ratio of 38.5% (n = 159) and STEMI with a ratio of 61.5% (n = 254). Only 2 (0.5%) patients did not receive acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at discharge. The rate of beta-blocker, statin, clopidogrel users were %94.4, %97.1 and %97.8, respectively. The rate of patients who used five drugs (ASA, beta blocker, ACEI/ARB, statin, clopidogrel) at discharge was 78.7% (n = 325). At the end of first year, the rate of ASA, statin, beta blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/aldosterone receptor blocker(ACEI/ARB) and clopidogrel users dropped down to 88.1% (n = 364), 66% (n = 273), 80.9% (n = 334), 69.7% (n = 288) and 81.3% (n = 336), respectively(p<0.05 for all parameters). After one year, the number of patients using five drugs dropped to %45(p<0.05). Beta-blocker target dose was achieved in 68(16.5%) patients and ACEI / ARB target dose was achieved in 74(17.9%) patients. Patients with renal failure were not able to reach the target doses of ACEI/ARB at the end of first year (p: 0,033). And also renal failure is considered as an impediment to proper drug use at discharge and end of the first year (p <0.01 and p<0.01 respectively).Conclusion: It was determined that treatment compliance was impaired at the end of one year in a significant proportion of patients with acute coronary syndrome. One year later, compliance with treatment was higher in females than in males and was inversely related to age and renal failure. It is observed that follow-up training programs are needed to succeed in drug adherence.Amaç: Çalışma, ST yükselmeli (STEMI) ve ST yükselmesiz (NSTEMI) miyokard infarktüslü hastaların taburculuk reçetelerini ve birinci yıl sonundaki kullanılan ilaçlarını karşılaştırmak ve ayrıca bunların MI tipi ile cinsiyet, yaş arasındaki ilişkisini araştırmak için tasarlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Retrospektif olarak 413 hastanın verileri epikriz ve telefon ziyaretleri yoluyla toplandı. Taburculuk ve bir yıl sonunda kullanılan ilaçları karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 413 hastanın 312'si (% 75) erkekti. MI tipi dağılımı % 38.5 (n=159) NSTEMI, % 61.5 (n=254) STEMI’idi. Sadece 2 (% 0.5) hasta taburcu olduklarında asetilsalisilik asit (ASA) almadı. Beta-bloker, statin, klopidogrel kullanıcılarının oranı sırasıyla% 94.4,% 97.1 ve% 97.8’di. Taburculukta beşli ilaç (ASA, beta bloker, ADEİ / ARB, statin, klopidogrel) kullanan hastaların oranı % 78.7’di (n=325). İlk yılın sonunda, ASA, statin, beta bloker, anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim inhibitörleri / aldosteron reseptör bloker (ADEİ / ARB) ve klopidogrel kullananların oranı sırasıyla; % 88.1'e (n=364), % 66'ya (n=273), % 80.9’a (n = 334),% 69.7’ye (n=288) ve % 81.3’e düştü (n=336) (tüm parametreler için p <0.05). Bir yıl sonra, beşli ilaç kullanan hasta sayısı % 45'e düştü (p <0.05). 68 hastada (% 16.5) beta blokör hedef dozu, 74 hastada (% 17.9) ADEİ/ ARB hedef dozu sağlandı. Böbrek yetmezliği olan hastalar birinci yıl sonunda ADEI / ARB hedef dozlarına ulaşamadı (p: 0,033). Ayrıca böbrek yetmezliğinin taburculuk sırasında ve ilk yılın sonunda uygun ilaç kullanımına engel olduğu gözlendi (sırasıyla p <0.01 ve p <0.01). Sonuç: Akut koroner sendromlu hastaların önemli bir bölümünde tedavi uyumu bir yıl sonunda bozulmuş bulundu. Bir yıl sonra, tedaviye uyum kadınlarda erkeklere göre daha yüksekti, yaş ve böbrek yetmezliği ile ters orantılıydı. İlaç uyumunda başarılı olmak için takip eğitim programlarına ihtiyaç duyulduğu gözlendi

Association between IL-4 gene polymorphisms and IL-4 serum levels in patients with allergic rhinitis

Genetic factors play a major role in the formation of allergic rhinitis. The most studied genes for the investigation of the genetic origin of allergic rhinitis are the cytokine genes. We aimed to analyse the relation between susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and IL-4 C-590T and C+33T polymorphisms. For this aim, serum IL-4 levels and IL-4 C-590T and C+33T polymorphisms of 211 allergic rhinitis cases and 232 healthy individuals (control group) were analysed. We found that the individuals carrying IL-4 +33T allele and IL-4 -590TT and +33TT genotypes were much more predisposed to allergic rhinitis than the individuals carrying CC wild type genotypes. Our results also suggest that serum IL-4 levels of control group carrying the IL-4 -590 CT and TT genotypes and T allele and IL-4 +33 CT and TT genotypes, and T allele were significantly higher than the CC genotypes and T alleles carriers. As a result, it is possible to say that IL-4 C-590T and C+33T polymorphisms may increase the susceptibility of allergic rhinitis because of their lowering of IL-4 levels in serum. [Med-Science 2021; 10(2.000): 462-8

Pediatric cochlear implant revision surgery and reimplantation: An analysis of 957 cases

Objective: In this study causes, risk factors, prevention strategies, diffuculties encountered during revision cochlear implant surgery, reimplantation in pediatric age group were evaluated

COVID-19 infection in children with cancer and stem cell transplant recipients in Turkey: A nationwide study

To the Editor: Adults with cancer are reported to have a higher risk for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection and more severe disease and mortality than the general population.1, 2 Although children seem to be at a lower risk for COVID-19 than adults,3-5 data specifically addressing children with cancer are limited

Dantrolene can reduce secondary damage after spinal cord injury

The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the possible protective effects of dantrolene on traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups: Sham (no drug or operation, n = 8), Control (SCI + 1 mL saline intraperitoneally (i.p.), n = 8), and DNT (SCI + 10 mg/kg dantrolene in 1 mL, i.p., n = 8). Laminectomy was performed at T10 and balloon catheter was applied extradurally. Four and 24 h after surgery, rabbits were evaluated according to the Tarlov scoring system. Blood, cerebrospinal fluid and tissue sample from spinal cord were taken for measurements of antioxidant status or detection of apoptosis. After 4 h SCI, all animals in control or DNT-treated groups became paraparesic. Significant improvement was observed in DNT-treated group, 24 h after SCI, with respect to control. Traumatic SCI led to an increase in the lipid peroxidation and a decrease in enzymic or non-enzymic endogenous antioxidative defense systems, and increase in apoptotic cell numbers. DNT treatment prevented lipid peroxidation and augmented endogenous enzymic or non-enzymic antioxidative defense systems. Again, DNT treatment significantly decreased the apoptotic cell number induced by SCI. In conclusion, experimental results observed in this study suggest that treatment with dantrolene possess potential benefits for traumatic SCI