20,754 research outputs found
Alignment and morphology of elliptical galaxies: the influence of the cluster tidal field
We investigate two possible effects of the tidal field induced by a spherical
cluster on its elliptical galaxy members: the modification of the ellipticity
of a spherical galaxy and the isophotal alignment in the cluster radial
direction of a misaligned prolate galaxy. Numerical N-body simulations have
been performed for radial and circular galactic orbits. The properties of the
stars' zero--velocity surfaces in the perturbed galaxies are explored briefly,
and the adiabaticity of the galaxy to the external field is discussed. For a
choice of parameters characteristic of rich clusters we find that the induced
ellipticity on a spherical galaxy is below or close to the detectability level.
But we find that the tidal torque can result in significant isophotal alignment
of the galaxies' major axis with the cluster radial direction if the galaxy is
outside the cluster core radius. The time required for the alignment is very
short compared with the Hubble time. A significant increase in the ellipticity
of the outer isophotes of the prolate model is also found, but with no
observable isophotal twisting. Our main prediction is an alignment segregation
of the elliptical galaxy population according to whether their orbits lie
mostly outside or inside the cluster core radius. These results also suggest
that galactic alignment in rich clusters is not incompatible with a bottom-up
galaxy formation scenario.Comment: 20 pages, uuencoded compressed tarred postscrip
The scaling of the decoherence factor of a qubit coupled to a spin chain driven across quantum critical points
We study the scaling of the decoherence factor of a qubit (spin-1/2) using
the central spin model in which the central spin (qubit) is globally coupled to
a transverse XY spin chain. The aim here is to study the non-equilibrium
generation of decoherence when the spin chain is driven across (along) quantum
critical points (lines) and derive the scaling of the decoherence factor in
terms of the driving rate and some of the exponents associated with the quantum
critical points. Our studies show that the scaling of logarithm of decoherence
factor is identical to that of the defect density in the final state of the
spin chain following a quench across isolated quantum critical points for both
linear and non-linear variations of a parameter even if the defect density may
not satisfy the standard Kibble-Zurek scaling. However, one finds an
interesting deviation when the spin chain is driven along a critical line. Our
analytical predictions are in complete agreement with numerical results. Our
study, though limited to integrable two-level systems, points to the existence
of a universality in the scaling of the decoherence factor which is not
necessarily identical to the scaling of the defect density.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, Final and accepted versio
The poetic is political….and other notes on engaged scholarship
Instrumental and objectivist logics maintain a hegemonic place in Western scholarship, reasoning skills powerfully equipped to address certain dilemmas even as they may obscure other ways of knowing. In this chapter, we enlarge dominant notions of rationality by offering an aesthetic view of knowledge as vital for engaged communication scholarship. Our interest in aesthetic logics parallels concerns that have led scholars to develop feminist practices of inquiry (e.g., Harding, 1998; Hesse-Biber, 2007), interrogate the aesthetics of representations in West-centric knowledge structures from postcolonial and Subaltern Studies standpoints (e.g., Broadfoot & Munshi, 2007; Dutta, 2007, 2008), focus on autoethnographic and poetic accounts ( e.g., Carr, 2003; Ellingson, 2009), introduce reflexivity and the politics of personhood in the scholarly process ( e.g., Harding, 1991; Reinharz, 1992), and adopt narrative and dialogic understandings of knowledge constructions (e.g., Frank, 2005; Harter, 2005). Loosely coupled, these research trajectories advance alternative rationalities for witnessing and answering salient social issues. We argue for the theoretical and practical incorporation of aesthetic rationalities in engaged scholarship-logics of poss ibility that cultivate individuals \u27 capacities to imagine otherwise.
Reimagining scholarly inquiry to reflect and embrace aesthetic logics requires us to rethink our methods of data collection, analysis, and representation and our own roles as researchers and writers . When we resist the art/science dichotomy, opportunities abound for sensemaking and representation that embody aesthetic ways of knowing. Furthermore, rejection of dichotomous thinking opens up possibilities for listening to ways of knowing that lie beyond the realm of Eurocentric knowledge structures (Dutta, in press). Even after the interpretive turn, instrumental and objectivist logics often underlie and sometimes constrain the processes and products of social scientific research (Denzin & Lincoln, 2005). Traditional structures and modes of research offer important but limited conceptualizations of knowing. We can open ourselves to other ways of asking questions that include overt attention to aesthetic sensibilities . We need not reject or abandon traditional modes of research. Instead, we can enlarge the realm of possibilities for what counts as accepted research practices and advance methods for studying the aesthetic nature of communal life (Ellingson, 2009).
In this chapter, we develop an understanding of rationality that incorporates imagination, and we explore methodologies that draw on creative sensibilities. We then articul ate the salience of creativity for rendering credible previously subjugated voices, and we articulate its value for engaged communication theory and research
No floors: Effective field theory treatment of the neutrino background in direct dark matter detection experiments
Distinguishing a dark matter interaction from an astrophysical
neutrino-induced interaction will be major challenge for future direct dark
matter searches. In this paper, we consider this issue within non-relativistic
Effective Field Theory (EFT), which provides a well-motivated theoretical
framework for determining nuclear responses to dark matter scattering events.
We analyze the nuclear energy recoil spectra from the different dark
matter-nucleon EFT operators, and compare to the nuclear recoil energy spectra
that is predicted to be induced by astrophysical neutrino sources. We determine
that for 11 of the 14 possible operators, the dark matter-induced recoil
spectra can be cleanly distinguished from the corresponding neutrino-induced
recoil spectra with moderate size detector technologies that are now being
pursued, e.g., these operators would require 0.5 tonne years to be
distinguished from the neutrino background for low mass dark matter. Our
results imply that in most models detectors with good energy resolution will be
able to distinguish a dark matter signal from a neutrino signal, without the
need for much larger detectors that must rely on additional information from
timing or direction
Remarks on the Noncommutative Gravitational Quantum Well
A planar phase space having both position and momentum noncommutativity is
defined in a more inclusive setting than that considered elsewhere. The
dynamics of a particle in a gravitational quantum well in this space is
studied. The use of the WKB approximation and the virial theorem enable
analytic discussions on the effect of noncommutativity. Consistent results are
obtained following either commutative space or noncommutative space
descriptions. Comparison with recent experimental data with cold neutrons at
Grenoble imposes an upper bound on the noncommutative parameter. Also, our
results are compared with a recent numerical analysis of a similar problem.Comment: Latex, 17 pages, Title changed, minor modifications, 3 new references
added, To appear in Phys. Rev.
Performance of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) under drip irrigation and mulch
Field experiment was conducted at Central Research Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyala, Gayespur, West Bengal during winter seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13 to assess the comparative effectiveness of drip and conventional surface irrigation with and without mulch on growth and yield of broccoli. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design replicated thrice. Main plot treatments consist of four levels of irrigation such as surface irrigation with IW/CPE 1.0 and three drip irrigation at 1.0, 0.8 and 0.6 ETc (crop-evapotranspiration), and three mulch levels like no mulch, black polythene mulch and paddy straw mulch @ 5t/ha in sub-plots. The results showed that drip irrigation at 0.8 ETc showed significantly higher (P = 0.05) plant height (45.69 cm), no of leaves plant-1 (17.66), leaf size index (743.99 cm2), plant spread (89.94 cm), curd diameter (14.43 cm) and marketable curd yield (17.82 t ha-1) of broccoli, which was at par with drip at 1.0 ETc. Minimum growth and yield was obtained with drip irrigation at 0.6 ETc in both the years. Similarly, significantly the highest (P = 0.05) plant variables and curd yield was obtained with use of black polythene mulch over paddy straw and no mulch treatments. However, drip irrigation at 0.6 ETc registered maximum water use efficiency of 117.31kg ha-mm-1 and water saving of 38.43%. The interaction effect showed that drip irrigation at 0.8 ETc along with black polythene mulch produced significantly higher marketable curd yield. The experimental findings can be recommended for growing high value crop broccoli with water saving drip irrigation at ETc 0.8 along with plastic mulch technology in the water scarce regions of West Bengal
Adiabatic multicritical quantum quenches: Continuously varying exponents depending on the direction of quenching
We study adiabatic quantum quenches across a quantum multicritical point
(MCP) using a quenching scheme that enables the system to hit the MCP along
different paths. We show that the power-law scaling of the defect density with
the rate of driving depends non-trivially on the path, i.e., the exponent
varies continuously with the parameter that defines the path, up to a
critical value ; on the other hand for , the scaling exponent saturates to a constant value. We show that
dynamically generated and {\it path()-dependent} effective critical
exponents associated with the quasicritical points lying close to the MCP (on
the ferromagnetic side), where the energy-gap is minimum, lead to this
continuously varying exponent. The scaling relations are established using the
integrable transverse XY spin chain and generalized to a MCP associated with a
-dimensional quantum many-body systems (not reducible to two-level systems)
using adiabatic perturbation theory. We also calculate the effective {\it
path-dependent} dimensional shift (or the shift in center of the
impulse region) that appears in the scaling relation for special paths lying
entirely in the paramagnetic phase. Numerically obtained results are in good
agreement with analytical predictions.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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