The influence of alloying or interdiffusion on the superconducting properties of ferromagnet/superconductor layered systems

We present the theoretical investigation of alloying or interdiffusion at the interface on the superconducting properties of ferromagnet/superconductor (S/F) layered films. The intermixed layer is modeled by the nonsuperconducting alloy (A) layer, which is characterized by strong scattering on paramagnetic impurities. The linearized Usadel equations are derived, which take into account the exchange scattering of excitations on the paramagnetic impurities in the alloyed layer. The superconducting transition temperature of the S/A/F trilayer is calculated as a function of spin-dependent scattering strength and thickness of A-layer. The nonmonotonic behavior of superconducting T c at the onset of ferromagnetism in F-layer is discussed in the framework of the presented theory. The oscillations of T c due to ferromagnetic layer thickness variation, and additional influence introduced by an alloy layer, are investigated. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

FMR and magnetization study of NiFe/Ag/CoNi trilayer film

The polycrystalline FeNi/Ag/CoNi asymmetric trilayer films were prepared by the UHV magnetron sputtering on silicon. In plane magnetization measurements showed double-step hysteresis loops. Magnetoresistancc (MR) measurements revealed giant magnetoresistance effect with magnitudes in 0. 15-0. 29% range at room temperature. The saturation magnetizations and the interaction between layers were studied by ferromagnetic resonance and revealed an undistinguishably weak interlayer coupling from out-of-plane geometry of measurements. The MR data are interpreted based on the incomplete domain alignment model for polycrystalline magnetic films. © 1998 IEEE

Completeness of hepatitis, brucellosis, syphilis, measles and HIV/AIDS surveillance in Izmir, Turkey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>According to the surveillance system in Turkey, most diseases are notified only by clinicians, without involving laboratory notification. It is assumed that a considerable inadequacy in notifications exists; however, this has not been quantified by any researcher. Our aim was to evaluate the completeness of communicable disease surveillance in the province of Izmir, Turkey for the year of 2003 by means of estimating the incidences of diseases.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data on positive laboratory results for the notifiable and serologically detectable diseases hepatitis A, B, C, brucellosis, syphilis, measles and HIV detected in 2003 in Izmir (population 3.5 million) were collected from serology laboratories according to WHO surveillance standards and compared to the notifications received by the Provincial Health Directorate. Data were checked for duplicates and matched. Incidences were estimated with the capture-recapture method. Sensitivities of both notifications and laboratory data were calculated according to these estimates.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among laboratories performing serologic tests (n = 158) in Izmir, 84.2% accepted to participate, from which 23,515 positive results were collected. Following the elimination of duplicate results as well as of cases residing outside of Izmir, the total number was 11,402. The total number of notifications was 1802. Notification rates of cases found in laboratories were 31.6% for hepatitis A, 12.1% for acute hepatitis B, 31.8% for brucellosis, 25.9% for syphilis and 100% for HIV confirmation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>It was discovered that for hepatitis A, B, C, brucellosis and syphilis, there is a considerable under-notification by clinicians and that laboratory data has the potential of contributing greatly to their surveillance. The inclusion of laboratories in the surveillance system of these diseases could help to achieve completeness of reporting.</p

ππ\pi\pi scattering S wave from the data on the reaction π−p→π0π0n\pi^-p\to\pi^0\pi^0n

The results of the recent experiments on the reaction $\pi^-p\to\pi^0\pi^0n$ performed at KEK, BNL, IHEP, and CERN are analyzed in detail. For the I=0 $\pi\pi$ S wave phase shift $\delta^0_0$ and inelasticity $\eta^0_0$ a new set of data is obtained. Difficulties emerging when using the physical solutions for the $\pi^0\pi^0$ S and D wave amplitudes extracted with the partial wave analyses are discussed. Attention is drawn to the fact that, for the $\pi^0\pi^0$ invariant mass, m, above 1 GeV, the other solutions, in principle, are found to be more preferred. For clarifying the situation and further studying the $f_0(980)$ resonance thorough experimental investigations of the reaction $\pi^-p\to\pi^0\pi^0n$ in the m region near the $K\bar K$ threshold are required.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

Occupational exposure to dusts and risk of renal cell carcinoma

Background: Occupational exposures to dusts have generally been examined in relation to cancers of the respiratory system and have rarely been examined in relation to other cancers, such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Although previous epidemiological studies, though few, have shown certain dusts, such as asbestos, to increase renal cancer risk, the potential for other occupational dust exposures to cause kidney damage and/or cancer may exist. We investigated whether asbestos, as well as 20 other occupational dust exposures, were associated with RCC risk in a large European, multi-center, hospital-based renal case-control study.Methods: General occupational histories and job-specific questionnaires were reviewed by occupational hygienists for subject-specific information. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) between RCC risk and exposures were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. Results: Among participants ever exposed to dusts, significant associations were observed for glass fibres (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-3.9), mineral wool fibres (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.2-5.1), and brick dust (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.4). Significant trends were also observed with exposure duration and cumulative exposure. No association between RCC risk and asbestos exposure was observed. Conclusion: Results suggest that increased RCC risk may be associated with occupational exposure to specific types of dusts. Additional studies are needed to replicate and extend findings. © 2011 Cancer Research UK All rights reserved

Anomalous magnetic diffraction of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8/Ag/Pb SNS′ Josephson junctions

Proximity Josephson junctions have been formed on cleavage steps of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (BSCCO) single crystals. In-plane, BSCCO/Ag/Pb junctions on such steps show RSJ-type Josephson behavior with supercurrent densities as high as 104 A cm-2 and an IcRn product of 5 mV is observed as theoretically predicted for these junctions. However, c-axis, out-of-plane junctions exhibit no measurable Josephson coupling. Instead, a BCS-like gap structure of 25 mV with a nonzero conductance at zero bias is observed for this kind of junctions. Furthermore, magnetic field dependence of the critical current is studied at low temperatures. Magnetic diffraction pattern is anomalous and decays rapidly to zero with magnetic field at around 300 G. Possible explanations for the anomalous diffraction data have been proposed and discussed in detail

Anomalous magnetic diffraction of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8/Ag/Pb SNS′ Josephson junctions

Proximity Josephson junctions have been formed on cleavage steps of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (BSCCO) single crystals. In-plane, BSCCO/Ag/Pb junctions on such steps show RSJ-type Josephson behavior with supercurrent densities as high as 104 A cm-2 and an IcRn product of 5 mV is observed as theoretically predicted for these junctions. However, c-axis, out-of-plane junctions exhibit no measurable Josephson coupling. Instead, a BCS-like gap structure of 25 mV with a nonzero conductance at zero bias is observed for this kind of junctions. Furthermore, magnetic field dependence of the critical current is studied at low temperatures. Magnetic diffraction pattern is anomalous and decays rapidly to zero with magnetic field at around 300 G. Possible explanations for the anomalous diffraction data have been proposed and discussed in detail

Anomalous magnetic diffraction of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8/Ag/Pb SNS′ Josephson junctions

Proximity Josephson junctions have been formed on cleavage steps of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (BSCCO) single crystals. In-plane, BSCCO/Ag/Pb junctions on such steps show RSJ-type Josephson behavior with supercurrent densities as high as 104 A cm-2 and an IcRn product of 5 mV is observed as theoretically predicted for these junctions. However, c-axis, out-of-plane junctions exhibit no measurable Josephson coupling. Instead, a BCS-like gap structure of 25 mV with a nonzero conductance at zero bias is observed for this kind of junctions. Furthermore, magnetic field dependence of the critical current is studied at low temperatures. Magnetic diffraction pattern is anomalous and decays rapidly to zero with magnetic field at around 300 G. Possible explanations for the anomalous diffraction data have been proposed and discussed in detail