Management-intensive grazing impacts on total \u3ci\u3eEscherichia coli, E. coli\u3c/i\u3e O157: H7, and antibiotic resistance genes in a riparian stream

The impacts of management-intensive grazing (MIG) of cattle on concentrations of total Escherichia coli, total suspended solids (TSS), and nitrate-nitrite nitrogen (NO3+NO2-N), and occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 and selected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in stream water and/or sediments were evaluated. Cattle were grazed for twoweek periods in May in each of three years. Overall, grazing increased total E. coli in downstream water by 0.89 log10 MPN/100 mL (p \u3c 0.0001), and downstream total E. coli concentrations were higher than upstream over all sampling intervals. Downstream TSS levels also increased (p ≤ 0.0294) during grazing. In contrast, there was a main effect of treatment for downstream NO3 + NO2-N to be lower than upstream (3.59 versus 3.70 mg/L; p = 0.0323). Overwintering mallard ducks increased total E. coli and TSS concentrations in January and February (p \u3c 0.05). For precipitation events during the 24 h before sampling, each increase of 1.00 cm of rainfall increased total E. coli by 0.49 log10 MPN/100 mL (p=0.0005). In contrast, there was no association of previous 24 h precipitation volume on TSS (p=0.1540), and there was a negative linear effect on NO3+NO2-N (p=0.0002). E. coli O157: H7 prevalence was low, but the pathogen was detected downstream up to 2½ months after grazing. Examination of ARGs sul1, ermB, blactx-m-32, and intI1 identified the need for additional research to understand the impact of grazing on the ecology of these resistance determinants in pasture-based cattle production. While E. coli remained higher in downstream water compared to upstream, MIG may reduce the magnitude of the downstream E. coli concentrations. Likewise, the MIG strategy may prevent large increases in TSS and NO3+NO2-N concentrations during heavy rain events. Results indicate that MIG can limit the negative effects of cattle grazing on stream water quality

The stigma turbine:A theoretical framework for conceptualizing and contextualizing marketplace stigma

Stigmas, or discredited personal attributes, emanate from social perceptions of physical characteristics, aspects of character, and “tribal” associations (e.g., race; Goffman 1963). Extant research emphasizes the perspective of the stigma target, with some scholars exploring how social institutions shape stigma. Yet the ways stakeholders within the socio-commercial sphere create, perpetuate, or resist stigma remain overlooked. We introduce and define marketplace stigma as the labeling, stereotyping, and devaluation by and of commercial stakeholders (consumers, companies and their employees, stockholders, institutions) and their offerings (products, services, experiences). We offer the Stigma Turbine (ST) as a unifying conceptual framework that locates marketplace stigma within the broader sociocultural context, and illuminates its relationship to forces that exacerbate or blunt stigma. In unpacking the ST, we reveal the critical role market stakeholders can play in (de)stigmatization, explore implications for marketing practice and public policy, and offer a research agenda to further our understanding of marketplace stigma and stakeholder welfare

Discrimination as a risk factor for binge eating in stigmatized groups

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-54).viii, 82 leaves, bound 29 cmObjective: The present study examined the relationship between experiences of discrimination and occurrence of binge eating among members of two traditionally stigmatized groups - obese persons and gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) persons - which have previously shown elevated rates of binge eating. Method: Participants completed a series of questionnaires presented on the Internet which measured frequency of overt and subtle acts of discrimination as well as the impact of that discrimination. Participants also completed measures of eating-related beliefs and behaviors, including drive for thinness, bulimic symptomology, body satisfaction, binge eating frequency and emotional eating. Previously identified risk factors for binge eating - childhood weight, maternal and paternal body types, childhood teasing, and perceived stress - were measured to compare the relative effect of discrimination on occurrence of binge eating. Additional questionnaires were given to measure the level of internalized homophobia among the GLB participants and the level of internalized weight bias among the overweight/obese participants. Results: Results demonstrated a significant positive relationship between the occurrence of discrimination and the frequency of binge eating and emotional eating. Group membership was associated with having faced a major discriminatory event and with endorsing at least one binge episode in the last 6 months. Pearson correlation analyses demonstrated modest but significant positive relationships between the measures of discrimination and measures of eating behaviors (r = 0.19-0.37); nearly all coefficients remained significant when controlling for Body Mass Index or perceived stress. Regression models which included previously identified risk factors for binge eating and discrimination frequencies as independent variables all significantly predicted between 9 and 30% of the variance of emotional eating scores, bulimic symptomology, and frequency of binge eating. Perceived stress and day-to-day discrimination emerged as the only significant independent predictors in the regression models. The theoretical model laid out in this study demonstrated good fit to the data for the overweight participants, explaining 57% of the variance in eating disturbance. Weight bias internalization was found to be a partial mediator of the relationship between discrimination and eating disturbance. Discussion: Results demonstrate the importance of discrimination as a risk factor for binge eating. Internalization is identified as an important mechanistic pathway and potential treatment target; therapeutic interventions are suggested on both the individual and societal level. The implications suggested by the data about the unique features of weight-related bias are drawn out and discussed

Patterns and Predictors of Disclosure of Sexual Orientation to Healthcare Providers among Lesbians, Gay Men, and Bisexuals

New research shows that bisexual men and women are less likely than gay men and lesbians to disclose their sexual orientation to healthcare providers. The study found that concealment of sexual orientation from healthcare providers was related to poor psychological wellbeing. The study found that LGB individuals with greater internalized homophobia were less likely to disclose their sexual orientation to healthcare providers than individuals with lesser internalized homophobia

Patterns and Predictors of Disclosure of Sexual Orientation to Healthcare Providers among Lesbians, Gay Men, and Bisexuals

New research shows that bisexual men and women are less likely than gay men and lesbians to disclose their sexual orientation to healthcare providers. The study found that concealment of sexual orientation from healthcare providers was related to poor psychological wellbeing. The study found that LGB individuals with greater internalized homophobia were less likely to disclose their sexual orientation to healthcare providers than individuals with lesser internalized homophobia

Serving Our Youth: Findings from a National Survey of Services Providers Working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Youth Who Are Homeless or At Risk of Becoming Homeless

Over the past ten years, the percentage of homeless youth providers serving LGBT clients has increased from 82% to 94%. A majority of LGBT youth are receiving services that are available to all young people, with 24% of agency youth-oriented programs specifically being designed for LGBT youth. Nearly seven in ten (68%) respondents indicated that family rejection was a major factor contributing to LGBT youth homelessness, making it the most cited factor.  More than half (54%) of respondents indicated that abuse in their family was another important factor contributing to LGBT homelessness. Additionally, more than 75% of responding agencies worked with transgender youth in the past year.Data are based on the LGBT Homeless Youth Provider Survey, a web-based survey conducted from October 2011 through March 2012. Based on data from 381 respondents, representing 354 agencies providing youth with homeless-related services, the report outlines key statistics on what LGBT youth populations are served by these agencies, who is most at risk, and why these populations are most at risk

New Patterns of Poverty in the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Community

As poverty rates for nearly all populations increased during the recession, lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) Americans remained more likely to be poor than heterosexual people. Gender, race, education and geography all influence poverty rates among LGB populations, and children of same-sex couples are particularly vulnerable to poverty. The study updates and extends a similar, first-of-its kind Williams Institute report released in 2009 that was based on data from the first half of the last decade

Health and health-related quality of life among treatment-seeking overweight adults : associations with internalized weight bias

Background: Weight bias is widespread and has numerous harmful consequences. The internalization of weight bias has been associated with significant psychological impairment. Other forms of discrimination, such as racial and anti-gay bias, have been shown to be associated with physical health impairment. However, research has not yet examined whether internalized weight bias is associated with physical as well as psychological impairment in health-related quality of life. Methods: Participants included 120 treatment-seeking overweight and obese adults (mean body mass index = 35.09; mean age = 48.31; 68% female; 59% mixed or Asian ethnicity). Participants were administered measures of internalized weight bias and physical and mental health-related quality of life, and they were assessed for the presence of chronic medical conditions, use of prescription and non-prescription medications, and current exercise. Results: Internalized weight bias was significantly correlated with health impairment in both physical (r = −.25) and mental (r = −.48) domains. In multivariate analyses controlling for body mass index, age, and other physical health indicators, internalized weight bias significantly and independently predicted impairment in both physical (β = −.31) and mental (β = −.47) health. Conclusions: Internalized weight bias was associated with greater impairment in both the physical and mental domains of health-related quality of life. Internalized weight bias also contributed significantly to the variance in physical and mental health impairment over and above the contributions of BMI, age, and medical comorbidity. Consistent with the association between prejudice and physical health in other minority groups, these findings suggest a link between the effects of internalized weight-based discrimination and physical health. Research is needed on strategies to prevent weight bias and its internalization on both a societal and individual level. Keywords: Internalized weight bias, Health-related quality of life, Obesity, Overweight, Physical health impairment, Mental health impairment.6 page(s

The Business Impact of LGBT-Supportive Workplace Policies

LGBT-supportive policies are linked to positive business-related outcomes. LGBT-supportive policies are also linked to greater job commitment, improved workplace relationships, increased job satisfaction, and improved health outcomes among LGBT employees. LGBT employees are also less likely to face discrimination in such environments and are more comfortable being open about their sexual orientation