In participatory budgeting we trust? Fairness, tactics and (in)accessibility in participatory governance

Participatory budgeting (PB) is a significant innovation in democracy and local development. PB provides the opportunity for citizens to engage in processes of deliberation and decision-making upon the allocation of public funds. As new critical discourse emerges surrounding this model of local government spending, a significant area warranting investigation concerns how trust, and indeed mistrust, factor into PB. Through an analysis of interviews with residents and Council staff engaged in PB processes in a county in the north of England, we highlight the ways in which issues of trust can impact on participation in these initiatives, and also strengthen relationships between voting delegates, project teams and local government. This paper argues that increasing the perceived accessibility, and reconsidering the inclusion of mass membership groups in PB, might help to create progressive, effective and trustful participation

Patient and service user engagement in research: a systematic review and synthesized framework

BackgroundThere is growing attention towards increasing patient and service user engagement (PSUE) in biomedical and health services research. Existing variations in language and design inhibit reporting and indexing, which are crucial to comparative effectiveness in determining best practices.ObjectiveThis paper utilizes a systematic review and environmental scan to derive an evidence‐based framework for PSUE.DesignA metanarrative systematic review and environmental scan/manual search using scientific databases and other search engines, along with feedback from a patient advisory group (PAG).Eligible sourcesEnglish‐language studies, commentaries, grey literature and other sources (including systematic and non‐systematic reviews) pertaining to patient and public involvement in biomedical and health services research.Data extractedStudy description (e.g. participant demographics, research setting) and design, if applicable; frameworks, conceptualizations or planning schemes for PSUE‐related endeavours; and methods for PSUE initiation and gathering patients'/service users' input or contributions.ResultsOverall, 202 sources were included and met eligibility criteria; 41 of these presented some framework or conceptualization of PSUE. Sources were synthesized into a two‐part framework for PSUE: (i) integral PSUE components include patient and service user initiation, reciprocal relationships, colearning and re‐assessment and feedback, (ii) sources describe PSUE at several research stages, within three larger phases: preparatory, execution and translational.Discussion and ConclusionsEfforts at developing a solid evidence base on PSUE are limited by the non‐standard and non‐empirical nature of much of the literature. Our proposed two‐part framework provides a standard structure and language for reporting and indexing to support comparative effectiveness and optimize PSUE.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113737/1/hex12090.pd

Magnesian limestone escarpment subject plan

1.55SIGLELD:f81/2189. / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

The Durham coast A fresh look at its problems and its future

SIGLELD:f83/0227 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Magnesian limestone escarpment (minerals and landscape restoration) local plan Written statement

Inclds. mapsLD:f83/5153 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Review of the development plan scheme for county Durham No. 4: July 1982

SIGLELD:7790.162(4) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Development plan scheme for County Durham Third review: July 1981

SIGLELD:3579.0398(1981). / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Structure plans annual report County Durham 1982

SIGLELD:8478.994(1982) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Structure plans annual report County Durham 1981

LD:8478.994(1981) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo