PME Newsletter

Issue No. 6 | May 2021https://digitalcommons.imsa.edu/pme_news/1005/thumbnail.jp

PME Newsletter

Issue No. 2 | December 2020https://digitalcommons.imsa.edu/pme_news/1001/thumbnail.jp

STABLE CLUSTERING ON AODV WITH SLEEP MODE

Clustering has evolved as an imperative research domain that enhances system performance such as throughput and delay in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) in the presence of both mobility and a large number of mobile terminals. In this thesis, we present a clustering scheme that minimizes message overhead and congestion for cluster formation and maintenance. The algorithm is devised to be dependent on Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing with sleep mode algorithm of MANET. The dynamic formation of clusters helps reduce data packet overhead, node complexity and power consumption. The goal of this algorithm is to decrease the number of cluster forming, maintain stable clustering structure and maximize lifespan of mobile nodes in the system. Nodes in MANET networks are basically battery operated, and thus have access to a limited amount of energy. This process proposes an Energy based Ad-Hoc on-Demand Routing algorithm that balances energy among nodes so that a minimum energy level is maintained among nodes and the lifetime of network is increased. The simulation has been performed in ns-2. The simulation shows that the number of clusters formed is in proportion with the number of nodes in MANET

PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENTS: GLOBAL REGULATORYISSUES

An excipient may be defined as an ingredient that is intentionally added to a drug for purposes other than the therapeutic or diagnostic effect at the intended dosage. Excipients have functional roles in pharmaceutical dosage forms which include the suitable form of consistency, modulating solubility and bioavailability of active ingredients, enhancing stability of the active ingredients in finished dosage form and many others. In most of the developed countries, the excipients are regulated as an active pharmaceutical ingredient. In Europe, it is assumed that novel excipients need to be evaluated as new chemical entities. In United State, the Food and Drug Administration assesses and permits use excipients as part of new drug application. The lack of harmonized international regulatory guidelines leads to the formation of the International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) in 1991. The IPEC was found to calibrate with different countries like Japan, Europe and China to address prevalent industry concerns related to the international harmonization of excipients standards, the introduction of useful new excipients to market place, and development of safety evaluation guidelines for the excipients. In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate global issues governing regulations of pharmaceutical excipients.Key words: pharmaceutical excipient, regulatory guidelines, IPE

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MODIFIED AODV AGAINST BLACK HOLE ATTACK IN MANET

A mobile ad-hoc network is an infrastructure less network which consists of a number of mobile nodes that dynamically form a temporary network for the transmission of data from source to destination. They are composed of nodes that relay on each other to manage and for secure transmission of traffic due to lack of centralized administration. As MANETs become widely used, the security issue has become one of the primary concerns for all the times. One of the well known attack is the Black Hole attack which is most common in the on-demand routing protocols such as AODV.In this paper, the proposed solution is to modify the AODV routing protocol in such a way that it can combat the cooperative Black Hole attack. The results show an effective increase in throughput and PDR and decrease in average end-to-end delay with a slight increase in routing overhead

Panoramic View on Quality by Design

Quality by design (QbD) is an essential tool in pharmaceutical environment for having product/process/method impregnated with quality. Now, QbD is the greatest solution to construct quality in all pharmaceutical products, while in the same time making it as a part of system is also a key challenge for Industry. For understanding of QbD, it is very much essential to understand the desire product performance profile [Target product Profile (TPP), Target Product Quality Profile (TPQP)] and identify critical quality attributed (CQA). Basically, for meeting the product attributes, the product formulation and process can be designed on the basis of these stated parameters. Nonetheless, this helps in recognizing the effect of raw materials, critical material attributes (CMA), critical process parameters (CPP) on the CQAs and identification and control sources of variability. The in and out understanding for QbD in generic pharmaceutical industry is really vital, because now and then FDA is taking firm stand to make mandatory “deadline” for inclusion of QbD. Therefore, an attempt has been made to highlight quality by design for generic drugs and its implications to pharmaceutical industry

Cosmetics: Regulatory Scenario in USA, EU and India

The efficacy, safety, regulatory framework, and marketing of cosmetic products are the most important factors for the growth of the cosmetic industry. The safety of cosmetic goods is regulated by diverse regulatory bodies around the globe who all have their own rules and regulations. The regulations of cosmetics like, nomenclature, labeling, and safety of colorants(s) alter in different countries. Much stringent legislation exists in the European Union (EU) and The United States of America (USA) has very much stringent legislation in order to regulate the use of cosmetic products. The safety assessments of cosmetic products are affected by the different regulations of different regulatory bodies. Nevertheless, there is a need for harmonized regulations throughout the world. An attempt has been made in the present manuscript to compare the current regulatory scenario of cosmetics in the USA, EU, and India.   Most web searchable keywords  cosmetics regulation in India pdf, the definition of cosmetics as per Indian regulations, the definition of cosmetics as per Indian and EU regulations, cosmetic labeling requirements India, labeling requirements for cosmetics in India, cosmetic regulation in India, European fulfillment for cosmetics, the definition of cosmetics as per Indian regulation, the international nomenclature of cosmetic ingredients Slideshare, Indian cosmetic sector analysis 2011,&nbsp