The preservation of some Indian freshwater fish

Quality changes in Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala and Tilapia mossambica were studied during storage in ice and at ambient temperature (29-32°C). After 10h at ambient temperature L. rohita and T. mossambica were completely spoiled, while C. mrigala became unacceptable within 11h. Organoleptic examination, total volatile base nitrogen and total bacterial counts showed that L. rohita (0.5 kg and above) and C. mrigala (0.5 kg and above) were acceptable up to 7 to 8 days of storage in ice in popular container (Bamboo basket) lined with palmyrah mat) at ambient temperature while T. mossambica (30-40 g) was acceptable up to 6 days. Influence of size of fish on shelf life in ice studied with reference to L. rohita showed that fishes below 500 g were acceptable up to 6 days of storage in ice in popular container at ambient temperature while those above 1000 g size were acceptable up to 8 days. Provision of an alkathene lining to the popular container extended the storage life of L. rohita from 6 days to 8 days. Pre-chilled and iced L. rohita had a longer shel flife (9 days) than merely iced sample (7 days)

Influence of integrated nutrient management practices on dry matter production, yield and NPK uptake of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)

A field investigation was carried out during Rabi season (Pishanam rice) of 2012-2013 at wetland of Central Farm, Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Killikulam, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management practices on dry matter production, yield and NPK uptake of transplanted rice. The treatments were laid out in a Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice using the rice variety ADT(R) 45. Among the different integrated nutrient management practices, application of GLM @ 6.25 t ha-1 + Azophosmet + 100 % NPK registered significantly the highest (P<0.01) dry matter production at all the stages (Active tillering; 1690, flowering; 9100 and harvest;14490 kg ha-1). The grain yield was increased, when GLM was integrated with 100 % NPK application (6030 kg ha-1). The grain yield was further increased, when Azophosmet was applied through seed and soil application along with GLM and 100 % NPK (6617 kg ha-1). However, it was on par with application of FYM + Azophosmet + 100 % NPK. The same trend was noticed in straw yield also. The uptake of N, P and K nutrients by rice crop at har-vest stages (95.6, 37.7 and 118 kg ha-1) of crop growth was remarkably increased by the application of GLM + Azophosmet + 100 % NPK. Among the various nutrient management practices, application of GLM + Azophosmet + 100 % NPK registered superior growth indicators due to the effective utilization of various nutrients and subsequent accumulation of more assimilates which inturn led to improved vegetative growth and higher yield of transplanted rice

A bacteriological study of the natural flora of edible oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis

The total viable bacterial populations in the oysters and the sea water from the edible oyster farm at Tuticorin were in the range of 10 super(3) to 10 super(4) per ml and 1 super(2) to 10 super(3) per ml respectively. The maximum most probable number of faecal coliform recorded during the one year period of study of both the oysters and seawater were 33 per 100 ml. Pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella sp., Vibrio cholerae, coagulase positive staphylococci and faecal streptococci were absent in oysters and farm water. Study of 197 (98 taken from oyster liquid and 99 from oyster farm water) randomly isolated cultures indicated that gram negative asporogenus rod-like bacteria of the Vibrio, Flavobacterium, Achromobacter and Pseudomonas groups were the dominant flora of the oyster liquid as well as seawater

COMPARATIVE AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF INDUCTION MOTOR WITH ANN CONTROLLER

A novel design of an adaptive artificial neural network technique (ANN) for controlling of the essential parameters, like as speed,  torque, flux, voltage, current, and power etc of the induction motor is presented in this paper. Induction motors are characterized by way of incredibly non-linear, complicated and time-various dynamics and inaccessibility of its states and outputs for measurements. Thus it can be considered as a challenging engineering difficulty in the industrial sector. A few of them, such as PI, fuzzy strategies, Fuzzy logic based controllers are regarded as capability candidates for such application for operating induction motor. Hence of which, the outcome of the controller is also random and high-rated results are probably not obtained. Resolution of the proper rule base application upon the drawback can be achieved by the use of an ANN controller, which becomes a built-in system of method for the manipulate purposes and yields results, which is the focus of this paper. Within the designed ANN scheme, neural community tactics are used to prefer an appropriate rule base, which is utilizing the back propagation algorithm. The simulation outcome provided on this paper is exhibit the effectiveness of the developed approach, which has acquired faster response time or settling times. Additionally, the procedure developed has got a huge number of benefits within the industrial sector will also be converted into a real time application making use of some interfacing cards

Non-Fermi-liquid behavior in nearly ferromagnetic metallic SrIrO3 single crystals

We report transport and thermodynamic properties of single-crystal SrIrO3 as a function of temperature T and applied magnetic field H. We find that SrIrO3 is a non-Fermi-liquid metal near a ferromagnetic instability, as characterized by the following properties: (1) small ordered moment but no evidence for long-range order down to 1.7 K; (2) strongly enhanced magnetic susceptibility that diverges as T or T1/2 at low temperatures, depending on the applied field; (3) heat capacity C(T,H) ~ -Tlog T that is readily amplified by low applied fields; (4) a strikingly large Wilson ratio at T< 4K; and (5) a T3/2-dependence of electrical resistivity over the range 1.7 < T < 120 K. A phase diagram based on the data implies SrIrO3 is a rare example of a stoichiometric oxide compound that exhibits non-Fermi-liquid behavior near a quantum critical point (T = 0 and H = 0.23 T)

Study on the quality of beche-de-mer in trade and shrinkage of specimens during processing

The beche-de-mer industry in India is a cent percent export oriented industry being confined to south east coast in Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar in Tamil Nadu. Chemical quality of 180 trade samples of beche-de-mer of four sizes collected from the beche-de-mer curing centres of Ramanathapuram district was studied. Moisture ranged from 6.2 to 24.4% and sand content from 0.11 to 20.42% for all grades. Mean values of sand content are for grade 1=3.47%, grade 2=4.50%, grade 3=3.68%, grade 4=6.87%. Sodium chloride was almost constant for all grades at 5.7%. TVBN values ranged from 10 to 78.4 mg%. 44 laboratory samples of different grades were prepared following trade practice and examined for chemical quality. Mean moisture values are for grade 1=13.4%, grade 2=12.44%, grade 3=12.62%, grade 4=12.08% and mean values of sand are for grade 1=0.70%, grade 2=0.90%, grade 3=1.16%, grade 4=2.15%. The percentage of shrinkage of the animals ranged from 56% to 60% for dried beche-de-mer of 7.5 cm size and above

Coordinated utilisation of wind farm reactive power capability for system loss optimisation

Most wind farms currently being installed are based upon doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) or direct-drive synchronous generator (DDSG) technology. Given that one of the impacts of introducing distributed generation is an alteration of steady-state power flows and voltages, both technologies are capable of providing local voltage support. Wind farms may, therefore, be included in optimal power flow (OPF) calculations to minimise fuel cost and/or network losses. The IEEE 30-bus system is considered as a case study, comparing fixed-speed induction generator (FSIG) requirements with DFIG capability. Results are presented for a range of DFIG capability modes, at varying system load and wind farm penetration levels. A significant reduction in losses can be achieved by suitable co-ordination of DFIG reactive power import/export, operating within typical grid code specifications. It is shown that the dynamic variability of reactive power requirements is readily accommodated by the power system. Finally, implementation options for the scheme and incentivising strategies are considered

Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis of Cinnamomum Tamala Leaf Extract

Objective: The purpose of the study is to assess the properties and bioactive components of Cinnamomum tamala leaves. Methods: The leaves of Cinnamomum tamala were extracted. Different experimental methods have been used to study the phytochemicals (qualitative and quantitative). The phytochemical screening was evaluated in different extractions such as aqueous, hexane, ethanol, petroleum ether and hydroethanolic to compare the solubility of various bioactive components. Further, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were also performed to study the presence of flavonoids and secondary metabolites respectively. Results: The Qualitative analysis showed the presence of phytochemical compounds in higher concentration in hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. In comparison with other extracts, hydroethanolic extract had larger yields of flavonoids (186.42 ± 13.04 mg/g QE), phenols (226.34 ± 15.84 mg/g GAE), saponins (112.10 ± 7.84 mg/g) and steroids (161.30 ± 11.29 mg/g CL). HPLC analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids in hydroethanolic extracts of the leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. GC-MS analysis proved the presence of various bioactive compounds in the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated the significance of the leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. We concluded that Cinnamomum tamala leaves have various biological activities which can treat diseases.

Potential Application of Electrical Conductivity (EC) Map for Variable Rate Seeding

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 7 (2005): Potential Application of Electrical Conductivity (EC) Map for Variable Rate Seeding by M. R. Ehsani, C. D. Durairaj, S. Woods, M. Sulliva

Decentralised green power generation using methyl esters of non-edible oils

Istraživački radovi o sustavima obnovljivih izvora energije za elektrifikaciju sela vrlo su intenzivni posljednjih godina. U udaljenim područjima neka su sela još uvijek izvan dosega električne energije jer je nemoguće povezivanje mrežnog sustava. U svijetu oko dvadeset posto svjetske populacije živi bez struje. Za poboljšanje ruralnog življenja, uporaba zelenih izvora energije obuhvaća veću mogućnost zapošljavanja, energetsku sigurnost i smanjenje učinaka staklenika. Konvencionalna metoda lokalne proizvodnje koristi dizel generator koji nije prihvatljiv za okoliš. Biogoriva su optimistični izbor za ispunjavanje ovog zahtjeva. Biodizel je obnovljivi izvor koji ima gotovo jednaku učinkovitost kao i konvencionalni petrodizel. Ovaj rad pokusno istražuje mješavine biodizela (dizel + biodizel) dobivene od nejestivih ulja kao alternativni izvor energije za pogon dizelskog generatora. U ovoj studiji se uzima u obzir sedam metilnih estera ekstrahiranih iz nejestivih ulja pongamije (indijske breze), jatrobe (jatrophe), mahuae, mesua ferrae (nageškara), sjemenki lana, neema (nim drveta) i sjemenki pamuka. Performanse generatora kao što su regulacija napona, frekvencija, potrošnja goriva, učinkovitost i emisijske značajke nalaze se u različitim uvjetima opterećenja. Na temelju opažanja, nađeno je da je ulje pongamije dobro alternativno gorivo za proizvodnju električne energije.Research work on renewable energy systems for rural electrification have been quite intensive in recent years. In remote areas, some villages are still not reach of electricity because providing grid connection is impossible. Approximately twenty percent of global population are living without electricity in the world. For enhancement of rural livelihood, use of green energy sources encompasses greater employment opportunity, energy security and minimizes the greenhouse effects. The conventional method of local generation uses diesel generator that is not environment friendly. Bio-fuels have been the optimistic choice to meet this requirement. Biodiesel is a renewable source which has nearly the same efficiency as conventional petro-diesel. This paper experimentally investigates biodiesel blends (Diesel+Biodiesel) derived from non-edible oils as an alternative energy source for operating the diesel power generator. In this study, seven methyl esters extracted from non-edible oils of pongamia, jatroba, mahua, mesuaferra, linseed, neem and cotton seed are considered. The generator performances such as voltage regulation, frequency, fuel consumption, efficiency and emission characteristics are found in various load conditions. Based on the observations, pongamia oil was found to be a good alternative fuel for power generation