Extension du domaine de la lutte

Le prestigieux héritage patrimonial du Nord – Pas-de-Calais se trouve en décalage avec l’image de la région façonnée par les secousses les plus récentes de l’histoire. Lui restituer son sens et faire rayonner pleinement la richesse de ce legs sous-tend une politique ambitieuse et collaborative propre à contrecarrer bien des clichés

SeamlessM4T-Massively Multilingual & Multimodal Machine Translation

What does it take to create the Babel Fish, a tool that can help individuals translate speech between any two languages? While recent breakthroughs in text-based models have pushed machine translation coverage beyond 200 languages, unified speech-to-speech translation models have yet to achieve similar strides. More specifically, conventional speech-to-speech translation systems rely on cascaded systems that perform translation progressively, putting high-performing unified systems out of reach. To address these gaps, we introduce SeamlessM4T, a single model that supports speech-to-speech translation, speech-to-text translation, text-to-speech translation, text-to-text translation, and automatic speech recognition for up to 100 languages. To build this, we used 1 million hours of open speech audio data to learn self-supervised speech representations with w2v-BERT 2.0. Subsequently, we created a multimodal corpus of automatically aligned speech translations. Filtered and combined with human-labeled and pseudo-labeled data, we developed the first multilingual system capable of translating from and into English for both speech and text. On FLEURS, SeamlessM4T sets a new standard for translations into multiple target languages, achieving an improvement of 20% BLEU over the previous SOTA in direct speech-to-text translation. Compared to strong cascaded models, SeamlessM4T improves the quality of into-English translation by 1.3 BLEU points in speech-to-text and by 2.6 ASR-BLEU points in speech-to-speech. Tested for robustness, our system performs better against background noises and speaker variations in speech-to-text tasks compared to the current SOTA model. Critically, we evaluated SeamlessM4T on gender bias and added toxicity to assess translation safety. Finally, all contributions in this work are open-sourced and accessible at https://github.com/facebookresearch/seamless_communicatio

Characterization of experimental complex fungal bioaerosols: Impact of analytical method on fungal composition measurements

The microbial composition of bioaerosols is an important issue to investigate to better understand occupational risks linked to exposure to airborne particles. Traditional methods are based on culture followed by colony identification by morphological, molecular biology or biochemical approaches.We have carried out a preliminary study which aims to generate reproducible complex bioaerosols and compares a high-throughput sequencing approach to the traditional culture-based approach. Mixed fungal bioaerosols containing four fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Penicillium brevicompactum and Wallemia melicolla) were generated in the laboratory using a bubbling aerosolizer. The fungal composition was assessed by culture and sequencing.Two genetic targets were sequenced and two assignment methods were compared. Wallemia was poorly detected by the culture-based approach, whereas Aspergillus was readily observed, in significant proportions, only by this method.The proportions in the liquid suspensions and in the bioaerosols generated were nearly identical. Sequencing of the ITS2 region provided results better reflecting the theoretical composition than 18S rDNA sequencing. The findings show that results of fungal composition investigations are strongly dependent on the analysis method used.Further studies will be required to assess the impact of these findings when considering biodiversity in complex and unknown environments

Procédés plasmas pour l'optimisation des matériaux intervenant dans le management thermique et la passivation de composants de puissance hyperfréquences à base de GaN et A1GaN

Ces travaux concernent la mise au point d un procédé de synthèse de couches minces à basse température d un matériau diélectriqueà forte conductivité thermique pour la passivation de composants HEMT GaN hyperfréquence de puissance. A l heure actuelle, les performances des composants HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) GaN, bien que très supérieures aux performances des HEMT GaAs, sont directement limitées par la résistance thermique du dispositif. L intégration d un matériau de passivation à forte conductivité thermique devrait permettre de diminuer la résistance thermique des composants et d accroître leurs performances. Le procédé magnétron a été choisi pour sa compatibilité avec les contraintes de température imposées par les technologies de la microélectronique. Notre étude s est orientée sur l optimisation de la croissance de films minces de nitrure (AlN et BN) et leur caractérisation structurale par DRX, FTIR, SAED et HRTEM. Le procédé de dépôt a été caractérisé par sonde de Langmuir et analyses OES. Dans le cas de l AlN, nous avons mis en évidence l effet prépondérant de la configuration du champ magnétique sur la qualité structurale des films. Un tel contrôle du procédé a permis d obtenir une croissance épitaxiale de l AlN sur AlGaN. Les propriétés thermiques des films ont été déterminées grâce au développement d une méthode de mesure originale bien adaptée à la caractérisation des couches minces. Celle-ci nous a permis de mettre en évidence la corrélation entre les valeurs de conductivité thermique et les caractéristiques des films. In fine, une conductivité thermique de 170 W.K-1.m-1 a été obtenue pour les films d AlNThis work is dedicated to the development and the optimization of a low temperature (<300C) thin film deposition process. The targeted material is a nitride dielectric (AlN, BN) with a high thermal conductivity dedicated to the passivation of high power high frequency HEMT GaN devices. Nowadays, the GaN HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) performances are directly limited by their thermal resistance. The integration of a dielectric material with a high thermal conductivity is expected to improve the thermal behavior of the device and to increase their performances. The magnetron sputtering has been chosen for its compatibility with microelectronic processes. This study addressed first an in depth study of magnetron sputtering deposition process for thin films (AlN and BN) and second a extended study of the physico chemical properties of the obtained thin films using XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, SAED and HRTEM. The magnetron sputtering process was study by Langmuir probe measurement and Optical Emission Spectroscopy. In the case of AlN films, we highlighted the first order effect of the magnetic field configuration on the film properties. Such a process control allowed obtaining an epitaxial growth of AlN films on AlGaN substrate at temperature below 250C. The thermal properties of the thin films were investigated using an original electro-thermal measurement method well adapted to thin films. Such studies allowed underlining the relationship between thermal conductivity and thin film microstructure and to reach a further optimization of the thermal properties of AlN thin films up to 170 W.K-1.m-1NANTES-BU Sciences (441092104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Bacterial community composition of biological degreasing systems and health risk assessment for workers.

International audienceBiological degreasing system is a new technology based on the degradation capabilities of microorganisms to remove oil, grease, or lubricants from metal parts. No data is available about the potential biological health hazards in such system. Thus, a health risk assessment linked to the bacterial populations present in this new degreasing technology is, therefore, necessary for workers. We performed both cultural and molecular approaches in several biological degreasing systems for various industrial contexts to investigate the composition and dynamics of bacterial populations. These biological degreasing systems did not work with the original bacterial populations. Indeed, they were colonized by a defined and restricted group of bacteria. This group replaced the indigenous bacterial populations known for degrading complex substrates. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pantoea agglomerans were important members of the microflora found in most of the biological degreasing systems. These bacteria might represent a potential health hazard for workers