24 research outputs found
HORNLESS CHIRPED PULSE FOURIER TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTROMETER
Broadband horn antennas have been used for Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy for a little over a decade. In this report, we will show a more cost effective alternative in describing the reduced cost tandem cavity - chirped pulse FTMW spectrometer being constructed in Flint, Michigan
Quantum critical dynamics of the two-dimensional Bose gas
The dilute, two-dimensional Bose gas exhibits a novel regime of relaxational
dynamics in the regime k_B T > |\mu| where T is the absolute temperature and
\mu is the chemical potential. This may also be interpreted as the quantum
criticality of the zero density quantum critical point at \mu=0. We present a
theory for this dynamics, to leading order in 1/\ln (\Lambda/ (k_B T)), where
\Lambda is a high energy cutoff. Although pairwise interactions between the
bosons are weak at low energy scales, the collective dynamics are strongly
coupled even when \ln (\Lambda/T) is large. We argue that the strong-coupling
effects can be isolated in an effective classical model, which is then solved
numerically. Applications to experiments on the gap-closing transition of spin
gap antiferromagnets in an applied field are presented.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure
Using Unsupervised and Supervised Learning and Digital Twin for Deep Convective Ice Storm Classification
Smart Ice Cloud Sensing (SMICES) is a small-sat concept in which a primary
radar intelligently targets ice storms based on information collected by a
lookahead radiometer. Critical to the intelligent targeting is accurate
identification of storm/cloud types from eight bands of radiance collected by
the radiometer. The cloud types of interest are: clear sky, thin cirrus,
cirrus, rainy anvil, and convection core.
We describe multi-step use of Machine Learning and Digital Twin of the
Earth's atmosphere to derive such a classifier. First, a digital twin of
Earth's atmosphere called a Weather Research Forecast (WRF) is used generate
simulated lookahead radiometer data as well as deeper "science" hidden
variables. The datasets simulate a tropical region over the Caribbean and a
non-tropical region over the Atlantic coast of the United States. A K-means
clustering over the scientific hidden variables was utilized by human experts
to generate an automatic labelling of the data - mapping each physical data
point to cloud types by scientists informed by mean/centroids of hidden
variables of the clusters. Next, classifiers were trained with the inputs of
the simulated radiometer data and its corresponding label. The classifiers of a
random decision forest (RDF), support vector machine (SVM), Gaussian na\"ive
bayes, feed forward artificial neural network (ANN), and a convolutional neural
network (CNN) were trained. Over the tropical dataset, the best performing
classifier was able to identify non-storm and storm clouds with over 80%
accuracy in each class for a held-out test set. Over the non-tropical dataset,
the best performing classifier was able to classify non-storm clouds with over
90% accuracy and storm clouds with over 40% accuracy. Additionally both sets of
classifiers were shown to be resilient to instrument noise
Ultrafast reversible self-assembly of living tangled matter
Tangled active filaments are ubiquitous in nature, from chromosomal DNA and
cilia carpets to root networks and worm blobs. How activity and elasticity
facilitate collective topological transformations in living tangled matter is
not well understood. Here, we report an experimental and theoretical study of
California blackworms (Lumbriculus variegatus), which slowly form tangles over
minutes but can untangle in milliseconds. Combining ultrasound imaging,
theoretical analysis and simulations, we develop and validate a mechanistic
model that explains how the kinematics of individual active filaments
determines their emergent collective topological dynamics. The model reveals
that resonantly alternating helical waves enable both tangle formation and
ultrafast untangling. By identifying generic dynamical principles of
topological self-transformations, our results can provide guidance for
designing new classes of topologically tunable active materials
Mars Image Content Classification: Three Years of NASA Deployment and Recent Advances
The NASA Planetary Data System hosts millions of images acquired from the
planet Mars. To help users quickly find images of interest, we have developed
and deployed content-based classification and search capabilities for Mars
orbital and surface images. The deployed systems are publicly accessible using
the PDS Image Atlas. We describe the process of training, evaluating,
calibrating, and deploying updates to two CNN classifiers for images collected
by Mars missions. We also report on three years of deployment including usage
statistics, lessons learned, and plans for the future.Comment: Published at the Thirty-Third Annual Conference on Innovative
Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI-21). IAAI Innovative
Application Award. 10 pages, 11 figures, 6 table
Social support and mental health status of older people: a population-based study in Iran-Tehran
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Cumulative effects of the Gulf oil spill and other disasters on mental health among reproductive-aged women: The Gulf Resilience on Women's Health study.
OBJECTIVE:To test whether effects of multiple (up to 5) disasters on mental health responses were cumulative (additive effects), or whether an earlier disaster produced sensitization (higher) or habituation (lower) responses to a later one. METHOD:The Gulf Resilience on Women's Health study interviewed 1,366 southern Louisiana women regarding their exposure to Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, Gustav, and Ike and the Gulf oil spill (measured several ways), and administered validated measures of symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Multiple linear and logistic regression with disaster exposures entered singly, combined, and as an interaction were used to model mental health. RESULTS:Both exposure to the oil spill and hurricane disaster were associated with likely depression and PTSD, consistent with a cumulative model, but we did not find statistical interactions that would suggest sensitization or habituation. When results were examined with continuous symptom measures of depression and PTSD, they were similar, with the exception that exposure to the oil spill and experiencing illness or injury because of the hurricane disaster showed a significant interaction (p < .05) in a manner consistent with a sensitization effect when predicting PTSD symptoms. The results of this study point mainly to a cumulative risk for the mental health effects of multiple disasters, although some indication of sensitization occurred among those with particularly severe experiences. There was no evidence for habituation. CONCLUSIONS:These findings may guide efforts to assist those in regions experiencing multiple disasters that occur in close sequence. (PsycINFO Database Recor
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Cumulative effects of the Gulf oil spill and other disasters on mental health among reproductive-aged women: The Gulf Resilience on Women's Health study.
OBJECTIVE:To test whether effects of multiple (up to 5) disasters on mental health responses were cumulative (additive effects), or whether an earlier disaster produced sensitization (higher) or habituation (lower) responses to a later one. METHOD:The Gulf Resilience on Women's Health study interviewed 1,366 southern Louisiana women regarding their exposure to Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, Gustav, and Ike and the Gulf oil spill (measured several ways), and administered validated measures of symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Multiple linear and logistic regression with disaster exposures entered singly, combined, and as an interaction were used to model mental health. RESULTS:Both exposure to the oil spill and hurricane disaster were associated with likely depression and PTSD, consistent with a cumulative model, but we did not find statistical interactions that would suggest sensitization or habituation. When results were examined with continuous symptom measures of depression and PTSD, they were similar, with the exception that exposure to the oil spill and experiencing illness or injury because of the hurricane disaster showed a significant interaction (p < .05) in a manner consistent with a sensitization effect when predicting PTSD symptoms. The results of this study point mainly to a cumulative risk for the mental health effects of multiple disasters, although some indication of sensitization occurred among those with particularly severe experiences. There was no evidence for habituation. CONCLUSIONS:These findings may guide efforts to assist those in regions experiencing multiple disasters that occur in close sequence. (PsycINFO Database Recor
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Pregnancy anxiety and preterm birth: The moderating role of sleep.
ObjectivePreterm birth (PTB) is a prevalent public health concern. Pregnancy anxiety, poor sleep quality, and short sleep duration have been associated with an increased risk of PTB. Theoretically, sleep variables could moderate the strength of the relationship between pregnancy anxiety and PTB; investigating this question was the primary aim of this study.MethodThe sample consisted of 290 pregnant women who were assessed at 2 time points in pregnancy: Time 1 (< 22 weeks gestational age [GA]; MGA = 15.04, SD = 3.55) and Time 2 (32 weeks GA; MGA = 32.44, SD = 0.99). Pregnancy anxiety was assessed with the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale, sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and sleep duration was assessed via actigraphy. Data on gestational age at birth were obtained from the electronic medical record.ResultsAfter adjustment for relevant covariates, higher levels of pregnancy anxiety were associated with shorter gestational length and an increased risk of PTB. There were no direct associations between sleep quality or sleep duration and gestational length or PTB. Pregnancy anxiety interacted with sleep duration such that pregnancy anxiety was significantly associated with shorter gestational length and PTB only when women had relatively shorter sleep duration (approximately < 8.3 hr).ConclusionsThis study reveals new evidence of an interaction between pregnancy anxiety and sleep duration in the prediction of the timing of delivery. The findings point to avenues to better understand and potentially ameliorate risk for PTB. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)