Applying Mathematical Model to Determine Location Facilities Storage Optimally With Integrated Logistic System Of Supply Chain For The Industrial Area of The People

High logistics costs of Indonesia led to lower competitiveness of production Indonesia. To overcome this problem needs to be done implementation of logistics integrated  and supply chain of input-output system of production of the company’s in the  industrial area of the people. The application can occur with integration of communication systems, transportation systems, facilities systems, and the provision of resources system, as well as warehousing systems,  the management  coordination and operation of logistics integrated and supply chain  can be obtained effectiveness and efficiency, economy and productivity together. One of the important, how to determine for warehouse a company on the industrial area of the people. His problem there are several warehouses can be selected for logistics costs low. Way of solving this problem with the research application of mathematical models to calculate the most optimal warehouse  from several warehouses that can be used. Mathematical model to be applied in the model matrix equation. From the data obtained three equations warehouse, and the warehouse where the most optimal of the third warehouse to warehouse production of a company then obtained matrix model is a model matrix of order three. With the completion of the matrix obtained value most optimal warehouse costs. The mathematical model can also be applied to determine the production warehouse of several other companies in the area of the Indonesia industry. This research was also useful for the development of green economy on land and at sea, with the approach of the industrial area of the people. If mathematical models applied to integrated logistics systems and supply chains on the  industrial area of the people. then obtained a low cost logistics. Thereby increasing the competitiveness of the green economy on people's industrial area   Keywords: Management Logistics Integrated And Supply Chain, Applying Mathematical Model to Warehouse Selection

Acetylcholine release and the cholinergic genomic locus

Choline acetyltransferase and vesicular acetylcholine-transporter genes are adjacent and coregulated. They define a cholinergic locus that can be turned on under the control of several factors, including the neurotrophins and the cytokines. Hirschprung's disease, or congenital megacolon, is characterized by agenesis of intramural cholinergic ganglia in the colorectal region. It results from mutations of the RET (GDNF-activated) and the endothelin-receptor genes, causing a disregulation in the cholinergic locus. Using cultured cells, it was shown that the cholinergic locus and the proteins involved in acetylcholine (ACh) release can be expressed separately ACh release could be demonstrated by means of biochemical and electrophysiological assays even in noncholinergic cells following preloading with the transmitter. Some noncholinergic or even nonneuronal cell types were found to be capable of releasing ACh quanta. In contrast, other cells were incompetent for ACh release. Among them, neuroblastoma N18TG-2 cells were rendered release-competent by transfection with the mediatophore gene. Mediatophore is an ACh-translocating protein that has been purified from plasma membranes ofTorpedo nerve terminal; it confers a specificity for ACh to the release process. The mediatophores are activated by Ca2+; but with a slower time course, they can be desensitized by Ca2+. A strictly regulated calcium microdomain controls the synchronized release of ACh quanta at the active zone. In addition to ACh and ATP, synaptic vesicles have an ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake system; they transiently accumulate Ca2+ after a brief period of stimulation. Those vesicles that are docked close to Ca2+ channels are therefore in the best position to control the profile and dynamics of the Ca2+ microdomains. Thus, vesicles and their whole set of associated proteins (SNAREs and others) are essential for the regulation of the release mechanism in which the mediatophore seems to play a key rol

Low- and High-Affinity Reactions in Rapid Neurotransmission

Until 1950-1960, most physiologists were reluctant to accept chemical neurotransmission. They believed that chemical reactions were much too slow to account for the speed of synaptic processes. The first breakthrough was to discover the impressive velocity of acetylcholinesterase. Then, nicotinic receptors provided an example of complex ultrarapid reactions: fast activation at a low ligand affinity, then desensitization if the ligand is not rapidly removed. Here, we describe synaptic transmission as a chain of low-affinity rapid reactions, assisted by many slower regulatory processes. For starting quantal acetylcholine release, mediatophores are activated by high Ca2+ concentrations, but they desensitize at a higher affinity if Ca2+ remains present. Several mechanisms concur to the rapid removal of Ca2+ from the submembrane microdomains. Among them, the Ca2+/H+ antiport is a typical low-affinity, high-speed process that certainly contributes to the rapidity of neurotransmissio

Ultra-Fast Versus Sustained Cholinergic Transmission: A Variety of Different Mechanisms

Although synaptic transmission was assumed to use the same mechanisms in the case of different synapses of the central and peripheral nervous system, recent research revealed a great variety of different processes. Time might be a crucial factor to be considered in this diversity. It is recalled that the speed of a chemical reaction is inversely related to affinity. "Time is gained at the expense of sensitivity” as noticed by Bernard Katz (1989). Therefore, synaptic transmission will occur at a high speed only if it is supported by low affinity reactions. In the present work, we compare two examples of ultra-rapid transmission (the Torpedo nerve electroplaque synapse and the rat hippocampus mossy fiber/CA3 synapses), with a cholinergic process operating with high affinity but at a low speed: the release of glutamate elicited by nicotine from mossy fibers of the rat hippocampu

Study of bandgap property of a bilayer membrane-type metamaterial applied on a thin plate

This work is aimed to study the bandgap property of a thin plate structure with periodically attached bilayer membrane-type resonators. An analytical method based on the Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method combined with the Rayleigh method, is proposed to predict the bandgap property of bilayer membrane-type metamaterials. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by the finite element analysis, and a parametric analysis is conducted to reveal the effect of parameters on the bandgap performance. It is found that such a metamaterial can generate two separated bandgaps through the contribution of its two layers of membranes. It is observed that the increase of membrane tensile stress or the magnitude of attached mass can lead to the broadening of bandgaps, whilst the change of unit cell’s periodicity has the opposite effect. In addition, if compared with the corresponding single layer membrane-type metamaterials, it is shown that the bilayer membrane-type’s first bandgap is suppressed while the second one is extended. However, by applying proper membrane tensile stress and mass magnitude, the suppression of the first bandgap can be weakened whilst allowing the tuning of the bandgap location. These characteristics reveal the benefits of using bilayer membrane-type metamaterial as it possesses higher agility in bandgap tuning. The proposed method can provide an effective tool for the bilayer membrane-type metamaterial design and optimisation