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Article de Isabelle Lemaire suite à une interview concernant le travail réalisé durant ma thès

Recours des médecins généralistes à l'ostéopathie (enquête auprès de médecins généralistes de Loire-Atlantique et Vendée)

L'ostéopathie fait partie des médecines dites alternatives , largement utilisée par les patients actuellement en France. Il semblerait que les médecins généralistes l'intègrent également peu à peu dans leur arsenal thérapeutique, mais que le recours à celle-ci reste informel , c'est-à-dire sans adressage écrit du patient, de la part du médecin, à l'ostéopathe. Or le courrier est un outil clé de la coordination et de la qualité des soins délivrés au patient. Qu'en est-il réellement des liens entre médecins et ostéopathes ? Quels facteurs influencent ces liens ? Pour répondre à ces questions, une enquête préliminaire quantitative par questionnaire auprès de 120 médecins généralistes a été réalisée, suivie d'une enquête compréhensive qualitative par entretiens semi-dirigés menée auprès de 20 médecins généralistes ayant déjà eu recours à l'ostéopathie pour certains de leurs patients. 72% des médecins interrogés par questionnaire avaient déjà adressé un patient à un ostéopathe, dont 16% en établissant un courrier. Les facteurs évoqués au cours des entretiens pour expliquer l'absence d'adressage formel étaient principalement la situation hors parcours de soins coordonnés de l'ostéopathie, le problème du temps nécessaire à la rédaction d'un courrier, et l'inutilité de celui-ci estimée pour le patient. De nombreux autres facteurs semblaient influencer le type de recours des médecins, un même facteur n'entraînant pas toujours des pratiques identiques. Ces différences de comportement pourraient être expliquées par la situation complexe de l'ostéopathie en France actuellement, et par l'absence de guide de bonne pratique à l'usage des médecins dans ce domaine, ceux-ci se référant alors à leur expérience clinique personnelle pour utiliser l'ostéopathie.NANTES-BU Médecine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Green composites based on thermoplastic starches and various natural plant fibers: Impacting parameters of the mechanical properties using machine-learning

peer reviewedMultivariate analyses on formulation and mechanical behavior of nonwoven and nonoriented natural fibers reinforced thermoplastic starch (TPS) composites were performed. Glycerol and water were considered as TPS plasticizers. Fibers composition (i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin), fibers morphology (fibers length), starch composition (i.e., amylose/amylopectin ratio) as well as the processing conditions (i.e., temperature, rotor speed, relative humidity during aging) were evaluated for their ability to affect the elastic modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the final materials. Multivariate linear regressions were computed to unveil the importance of each variable on the mechanical behavior. Fibers composition impacted the most the models: cellulose maximization improved the elastic modulus and tensile strength while lignin reduced the elastic modulus and hemicellulose decreased the tensile strength. TPS plasticizers, temperature, and rotor speed of the process were negatively impacting the elastic modulus but in a lesser extent than the fiber composition. Within the range of the created database, the selected variables and attributed coefficients were permitted to explain the variability. The produced models revealed that complex and yet uninvestigated interactions are to be considered within TPS-based biocomposites. Therefore, this work discusses and suggests a “must-have” list of variables for comparable analyses of new TPS-based biocomposites using natural fibers as reinforcement

Procédé de fractionnement hybride pour l'extraction de protéines de féverole : Effet de la combinaison d'étapes d'extractions en voie sèche et humide sur le contenu en facteurs anti-nutritionnels

Feverpr

Procédé de fractionnement hybride pour l'extraction de protéines de féverole : effet de la combinaison d'étapes d'extractions en voies sèches et humides sur le contenu en facteurs anti-nutritionnels

audience: researcher, professionalFeverpr

Dry and wet fractionation of plant proteins: How a hybrid process increases yield and impacts nutritional value of faba beans proteins

A combined dry and wet fractionation process is proposed to extract faba bean proteins with lower environmental impact. This fractionation process allowed to recover 87% of the total seeds proteins (92% of dehulled seeds proteins). This is achieved through the production of two protein concentrates (54 and 61% protein content w/w DM). After dry fractionation, wet extraction was performed on the protein-depleted fraction. The presented process consumed less energy and 5.5 times less water per kg extracted proteins, compared to traditional onestep wet extractions. Some anti-nutritional factors contents were also evaluated. Equivalent levels of phytic acid (about 11 mg/g), trypsin inhibitor activity (about 13 trypsin inhibition unit/g) and polyphenols (about 6 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) were observed in the 2 protein-rich fractions. These levels are mainly equivalent to those found after usual dry and wet one-step extractions. Significant differences of calcium, iron and zinc contents were observed between the 2 protein-rich fractions, causing a 30 to 50% difference between those fractions in terms of phytic acid/minerals ratio. Antinutritional factors content in the protein-rich fractions are equivalent to levels found in traditional legumes but still higher than existing recommendations.Peer reviewe

BLOOD-TO-BLOOD IMMUNOLOGICAL COMPATIBILITY TEST: A possibility with fluorescent immuno-biochips

International audienceOne of the most feared transfusion accident is the haemolytic reaction. A majority of countries impose a compatibility test before each transfusion, at the patient’s bedside or in laboratory. Regardless of the test performed, it does not prevent human errors and nothing ensures an “error free” procedure. Complete crossmatch is the only test ensuring a complete blood compatibility between donors and patients. It relies on the direct or indirect detection of agglutinations which occur when the patient’s plasma is mixed with the red cells to be transfused. It requires extracting plasma. The work described here will help avoid all the immunologic incompatibilities by the use of a compatibility test without plasma extraction. It relies on an immuno- biochip technology in a microfluidic environment with fluorescence detection. This position paper presents preliminary results obtained with artificial samples together with comments on the state of industrial competition and the new device market positioning

Evolved Thermostable Transketolase for Stereoselective Two-Carbon Elongation of Non-Phosphorylated Aldoses to Naturally Rare Ketoses

International audienceWe propose an ecofriendly, efficient, stereoselective procedure for the two-carbon elongation of nonphosphorylated aldoses (C4–C6) to the corresponding Cn+2 ketoses (C6–C8) in one step, using hydroxypyruvate (HPA) as a ketol donor substrate and an evolved thermostable transketolase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (TKgst) as a biocatalyst. Simultaneous site saturation mutagenesis (SSM) at two or three key positions in the TKgst active site yielded efficient variants, L382F/F435Y, R521Y/S385/H462N, and R521V/S385D/H462S, with increased activity compared to wild-type TKgst for conversion of two tetroses (d-threose, l-erythrose), two pentoses (d-xylose, d-ribose), and two hexoses (d-allose, d-glucose), respectively. These six Cn aldoses as acceptor and HPA as donor substrates were transformed by the TKgst variants at 60 °C with practically complete conversion. The corresponding Cn+2 ketoses, including two hexuloses (d-tagatose, l-psicose), two heptuloses (d-altro-heptulose, d-ido-heptulose), and two octuloses (d-glycero-d-ido-octulose, d-glycero-d-altro-octulose) are naturally rare compounds with important biological functions, which were obtained with high diastereoselectivity