Potential Applications of Endo-B-N-Acetylglucosaminidases From Bifidobacterium longum Subspecies infantis in Designing Value-Added, Next-Generation Infant Formulas

Human milk is the optimal source of infant nutrition. Among many other health benefits, human milk can stimulate the development of a Bifidobacterium-rich microbiome through human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). In recent years, the development of novel formulas has placed particular focus on incorporating some of the beneficial functional properties of human milk. These include adding specific glycans aimed to selectively stimulate the growth of Bifidobacterium. However, the bifidogenicity of human milk remains unparalleled. Dietary N-glycans are carbohydrate structures conjugated to a wide variety of glycoproteins. These glycans have a remarkable structural similarity to HMOs and, when released, show a strong bifidogenic effect. This review discusses the biocatalytic potential of the endo-B-N-acetylglucosaminidase enzyme (EndoBI-1) from Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis), in releasing N-glycans inherently present in infant formula as means to increase the bifidogenicity of infant formula. Finally, the potential implications for protein deglycosylation with EndoBI-1 in the development of value added, next-generation formulas are discussed from a technical perspective

Rare etiological causes of iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis: Reports of 2 cases

AbstractDeep venous thrombosis is frequently seen in lower extremities. However, when seen in the iliac level, mass effect of an underlying pathology must be considered. In this report, we present two cases with upper region deep venous thrombosis, which had underlying pathologies of appendicitis and non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Lactoferrin: neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease and secondary molecule for potential treatment

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease and is largely caused by the death of dopaminergic (DA) cells. Dopamine loss occurs in the substantia nigra pars compacta and leads to dysfunctions in motor functions. Death of DA cells can occur with oxidative stress and dysfunction of glial cells caused by Parkinson-related gene mutations. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that is usually known for its presence in milk, but recent research shows that Lf is also found in the brain regions. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a known mitochondrial toxin that disturbs the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) system and increases the rate of reactive oxygen species. Lf's high affinity for metals decreases the required iron for the Fenton reaction, reduces the oxidative damage to DA cells caused by MPTP, and increases their surveillance rate. Several studies also investigated Lf's effect on neurons that are treated with MPTP. The results pointed out that Lf's protective effect can also be observed without the presence of oxidative stress; thus, several potential mechanisms are currently being researched, starting with a potential HSPG–Lf interaction in the cellular membrane of DA cells. The presence of Lf activity in the brain region also showed that lactoferrin initiates receptor-mediated transcytosis in the blood–brain barrier (BBB) with the existence of lactoferrin receptors in the endothelial cells. The existence of Lf receptors both in endothelial cells and DA cells created the idea of using Lf as a secondary molecule in the transport of therapeutic agents across the BBB, especially in nanoparticle development

Bovine Colostrum and Its Potential for Human Health and Nutrition

Colostrum is the first milk produced post-partum by mammals and is compositionally distinct from mature milk. Bovine colostrum has a long history of consumption by humans, and there have been a number of studies investigating its potential for applications in human nutrition and health. Extensive characterization of the constituent fractions has identified a wealth of potentially bioactive molecules, their potential for shaping neonatal development, and the potential for their application beyond the neonatal period. Proteins, fats, glycans, minerals, and vitamins are abundant in colostrum, and advances in dairy processing technologies have enabled the advancement of bovine colostrum from relative limitations of a fresh and unprocessed food to a variety of potential applications. In these forms, clinical studies have examined bovine colostrumas having the substantial potential to improve human health. This review discusses the macro-and micronutrient composition of colostrum as well as describing well-characterized bioactives found in bovine colostrum and their potential for human health. Current gaps in knowledge are also identified and future directions are considered in order to elevate the potential for bovine colostrum as a component of a healthy diet for a variety of relevant human populations

Immobilization of a Bifidobacterial Endo-\u3ci\u3eß-N\u3c/i\u3e-Acetylglucosaminidase to Generate Bioactive Compounds for Food Industry

Conjugated N-glycans are considered next-generation bioactive prebiotic compounds due to their selective stimulation of beneficial microbes. These compounds are glycosidically attached to proteins through N-acetylglucosamines via specific asparagine residue (AsN-X-Ser/Thr). Certain bacteria such as Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis) have been shown to be capable of utilizing conjugated N-glycans, owing to their specialized genomic abilities. B. infantis possess a unique enzyme, Endo-ß-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EndoBI-1), which cleaves all types of conjugated N-glycans from glycoproteins. In this study, recombinantly cloned EndoBI- 1 enzyme activity was investigated using various immobilization methods: 1) adsorption, 2) entrapment-based alginate immobilization, 3) SulfoLink-, and 4) AminoLink-based covalent bonding immobilization techniques were compared to develop the optimum application of EndoBI-1 to food processes. The yield of enzyme immobilization and the activity of each immobilized enzyme by different approaches were investigated. The N-glycans released from lactoperoxidase (LPO) using different immobilized enzyme forms were characterized using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). As expected, regardless of the techniques, the enzyme activity decreased after the immobilization methods. The enzyme activity of adsorption and entrapment-based alginate immobilization was found to be 71.55% ± 0.6 and 20.32% ± 3.18, respectively, whereas the activity of AminoLink- and SulfoLink-based covalent bonding immobilization was found to be 58.05 ± 1.98 and 47.49% ± 0.30 compared to the free form of the enzyme, respectively. However, extended incubation time recovery achieved activity similar to that of the free form. More importantly, each immobilization method resulted in the same glycan profile containing 11 different N-glycan structures from a model glycoprotein LPO based on MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The glycan data analysis suggests that immobilization of EndoBI-1 is not affecting the enzyme specificity, which enables full glycan release without a limitation. Hence, different immobilization methods investigated in this study can be chosen for effective enzyme immobilization to obtain bioactive glycans. These findings highlight that further optimization of these methods can be a promising approach for future processing scale-up and commercialization of EndoBI- 1 and similar enzymes

Production of Bovine Colostrum for Human Consumption to Improve Health

Colostrum contains all essential nutrients for the neonate during the first days of life, with impacts that continue far beyond these first days. Bovine colostrum has been used for human consumption due to the high concentrations of bioactive proteins, vitamins, minerals, growth factors, as well as free and conjugated oligosaccharides. Processes involved in the preparation of bovine colostrum for human consumption play a pivotal role in preserving and maintaining the activity of the bioactive molecules. As bovine colostrum is a multifunctional food that offers a myriad of benefits for human health, assessing the main processes used in preparing it with both advantages and disadvantages is a crucial point to discuss. We discuss major processes effects for colostrum production on the nutritional value, some advanced technologies to preserve processed bovine colostrum and the endproduct forms consumed by humans whether as dairy products or dietary supplements

Characteristics of recurrent emergency department visits within 72 hours of visits for the same or related complaints

We aimed to investigate the characteristics of recurrent emergency department visits within 72 hours for the same or related complaints. Recurrent visits were defined as any repeated visits to the emergency department within the first 72 hours of discharge after the first admission with the same or similar complaints. The study population included patients revisiting the emergency department within 72 hours after the first visit. Recurrent visit files were screened from the Hospital Information Management System, and data were compared between the first and second visits. Of the 83,578 patients included, 1,952 (2.3%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Thus, the revisit rate was 2.3%. Emergency Department triage scores showed no significant differences between the visits, but 2 patients with triage scores of 4 in the first visit subsequently had triage score of 1 in the recurrent visits. In addition, the presence of comorbidities was found to be significantly associated with revisit and hospitalization. Measuring and evaluating the causes of revisits to the emergency department allow assessment of hospital quality. We believe that to reduce the revisit rate, prolonged emergency room observation is necessary, particularly for patients with comorbidities and those presenting complaints related to the cardiovascular system, oncology, and respiratory system. Further, morbidity and mortality rates will consequently decrease. [Med-Science 2016; 5(4.000): 937-40

Radiotherapy can be a Cofactor in the Development and Severity of Lapatinib-Capecitabine-Related Skin Rash

Skin rash induced by concurrent radiotherapy during lapatinib-capecitabine (LC) treatment has been rarely reported. We aim to draw attention to the potential of radiotherapy to act as a cofactor in the development of LC-related skin rash.Herein, we report a case with a drug-related skin rash triggered by radiotherapy during LC treatment.A 31-year-old woman with inflammatory metastatic breast cancer presented with a skin rash during LC treatment combined with radiotherapy. She was started on LC treatment, and palliative whole cranial radiotherapy was applied 3 days later. Three days after the radiotherapy, acneiform lesions started from the scalp and a maculopapular rash developed on the trunk and extremities. LC treatment was interrupted and skin lesions regressed rapidly with topical dermatological care, oral H1-antihistamine, and short-term oral steroid treatment. Although LC treatment was restarted alone in the follow-up, no recurrence was observed.Radiotherapy may be a cofactor in the development and severity of skin toxicity during LC treatment. There is a need to elucidate whether the immunological mechanisms of skin eruptions occurring during concomitant chemoradiotherapy are due to the radiosensitizing effects of biological agents or exacerbation by radiotherapy

Relationship between coronary calcium, markers of inflammation and albuminuria in diabetic patients without known coronary artery disease

WOS: 000208702704202

Evaluation Of The Dietary Habits, Body Images And Bmi Of Turkish University Students Who Live In Dormitory

Objectives: To determine the factors that influence the dietary habits, BMIs, and body images of students living in dormitory. Methodology: The study was performed in the Dormitory of Hacettepe University. Study population was 301 girl students. Data were collected by personal interviews; height and weight measurements were performed. Results: The mean age of 301 students enrolled in the study was 21.2 +/- 1.7 years. About 69.7% of the students were skipping at least one meal in most of the days. Studying and dormitory conditions had a heavier negative influence over medical school students than others (p < 0.05). Approximately four out of every 10 students had gone on a diet sometime while the underlying reason in 78.4% of those was to lose weight. According to the BMI values, 11.6% of them were underweight, 80.8% were normal, and 7.6% were overweight. 57.5%, 89.6%, and 12.8% of the students who described themselves as underweight, normal, and overweight, respectively, were found to define their actual condition. Conclusions: A dietary and nutritional counseling office within the framework of the Student Health Center, educating students on nutritional issues, and providing a dining hall service particularly for dinners, should help overcome dietary problems.Wo