Nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of an ophiovirus associated with lettuce big-vein disease

The complete nucleotide sequence of an ophiovirus associated with lettuce big-vein disease has been elucidated. The genome consisted of four RNA molecules of approximately 7ò8, 1ò7, 1ò5 and 1ò4 kb. Virus particles were shown to contain nearly equimolar amounts of RNA molecules of both polarities. The 5'- and 3'-terminal ends of the RNA molecules are largely, but not perfectly, complementary to each other. The virus genome contains seven open reading frames. Database searches with the putative viral products revealed homologies with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of rhabdoviruses and Ranunculus white mottle virus, and the capsid protein of Citrus psorosis virus. The gene encoding the viral polymerase appears to be located on the RNA segment 1, while the nucleocapsid protein is encoded by the RNA3. No significant sequence similarities were observed with other viral proteins. In spite of the morphological resemblance with species in the genus Tenuivirus, the ophioviruses appear not to be evolutionary closely related to this genus nor any other viral genus

The control of PVY in Dutch seed potato culture

Over the recent years Potato virus Y presents a growing problem in Dutch seed potato culture. In recent years a significant % of seed potato lots was de-classified due to PVY infections. This apparent increase in PVY infections was unexpected since no increase in field symptoms were observed and the numbers of aphids caught in the yellow water traps and high suction traps showed a clear decline over the last 10 years http://www.aab.org.uk/images/VIRO_CONF_PROG.pd

Sequence analysis and genomic organization of Aphid lethal paralysis virus: a new member of the family Dicistroviridae

The complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of an aphid-infecting virus, Aphid lethal paralysis virus (ALPV), has been determined. The genome is 9812 nt in length and contains two long open reading frames (ORFs), which are separated by an intergenic region of 163 nt. The first ORF (5' ORF) is preceded by an untranslated leader sequence of 506 nt, while an untranslated region of 571 nt follows the second ORF (3' ORF). The deduced amino acid sequences of the 5' ORF and 3' ORF products respectively showed similarity to the non-structural and structural proteins of members of the newly recognized genus Cripavirus (family Dicistroviridae). On the basis of the observed sequence similarities and identical genome organization, it is proposed that ALPV belongs to this genus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ALPV is most closely related to Rhopalosiphum padi virus, and groups in a cluster with Drosophila C virus and Cricket paralysis virus, while the other members of this genus are more distantly related. Infectivity experiments showed that ALPV can not only infect aphid species but is also able to infect the whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum, extending its host range to another family of the order Hemipter

Tomato marchitez virus, a new plant picorna-like virus from tomato related to tomato torrado virus

A new virus was isolated from a tomato plant from the state of Sinaloa in Mexico. This plant showed symptoms locally known as `marchitez disease¿: severe leaf necrosis, beginning at the base of the leaflets, and necrotic rings on the fruits. A virus was isolated from the infected plant consisting of isometric particles with a diameter of approximately 28¿nm. The viral genome consists of two (+)ssRNA molecules of 7221 (RNA1) and 4898¿nts (RNA2). The viral capsid contains three coat proteins of 35, 26 and 24¿kDa, respectively. The abovementioned characteristics: symptoms, morphology, number and size of coat proteins, and number of RNAs are similar to those of the previously described tomato torrado virus (ToTV). Sequence analysis of the entire viral genome shows that this new virus is related to, but distinct from, ToTV and that these members of two obviously new virus species belong to the recently proposed plant virus genus Torradovirus. For this new virus, the name tomato marchitez virus (ToMarV) is proposed

Complete nucleotide sequence of a potato isolate of strain group C of Potato virus Y from 1938

The complete genomic sequence of an isolate (PRI-509) of the C strain of Potato virus Y (PVYC), which was originally isolated from potato in 1938, was elucidated. The genomic RNA of PRI-509 consists of 9699 nucleotides, with the capacity to encode a polyprotein of 3061 amino acids with a molecular mass of 337 kDa

Tomato chocolàte virus: a new plant virus infecting tomato and a proposed member of the genus Torradovirus

A new virus was isolated from a tomato plant from Guatemala showing necrotic spots on the bases of the leaves and chocolate-brown patches on the fruits. Structural and molecular analysis showed the virus to be clearly related to but distinct from the recently described Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) and Tomato marchitez virus (ToMarV), both members of the genus Torradovirus. The name tomato chocolàte virus is proposed for this new torradovirus

Het genus Torradovirus, een nieuw geslacht van plantenvirussen

Het genus Torradovirus is een nieuw geslacht van plantenvirussen. Hiertoe behoren het tomatentorradovirus (ToTV), het tomatenmarchitezvirus (ToMarV) en het tomatenchocolàtevirus (ToChV)

Onderzoek naar mogelijke TBV-reservoirs in onkruid

In tulpen veroorzaakt het potyvirus tulpenmoza¿ekvirus (TBV) van alle virussen de meeste directe schade (visuele virussymptomen en opbrengstverlies) en indirecte schade (keuringsmaatregelen, beheersingsmaatregelen, etc.). Dit virus wordt door bladluizen verspreid. Om een virusvrije teelt optimaal mogelijk te maken is kennis over het beperken van virusverspreiding binnen een partij / veld van eerste belang (dit blijkt uit onderzoek van laatste decennia). Dit onderzoeksproject geeft aandacht aan een ontbrekend puzzelstukje, kennis over de potentiële gevaren die vanuit de omliggende groene ruimte / natuur de teelt van tulp schade aan kunnen brengen. In dit project is onderzoek gedaan naar aanwezigheid van TBV in bladluisvluchten en onkruiden welke verzameld zijn in teeltregio’s van tulp waar in het verleden aanwijzingen/suggesties waren voor onverklaarbare toename van TBV in partijen tulp. In dit project zijn in 2012 op twee locaties gedetailleerde bladluisvangsten uitgevoerd en op 9 locaties zijn onkruidmonsters verzameld. Daarnaast is een collectie bladluizen gevangen in 2011 in de omgeving van Lelystad voor dit onderzoek gebruikt. De gevangen bladluizen en de onkruidmonsters zijn onderzocht op aanwezigheid van TBV. Dit project heeft tot de volgende conclusies geleid: • Pas bij de echte temperatuurstijging in de tweede helft van mei 2012 kwam een grote bladluizenvlucht op gang. Per dag werden er met één fuik tientallen tot zelfs een paar honderd bladluizen gevangen. • Er is aangetoond dat er grote verschillen in omvang van bladluizenvluchten kunnen zijn. Stel dat op beide locaties een vergelijkbare partij met 1% TBV werd geteeld, dan was het risico op virusverspreiding door bladluizen vanwege verschil in aantallen bladluizen op locatie B 2,5x zo groot als op locatie A. • Tientallen bladluizen gevangen in de omgeving van Lelystad, 290 bladluizen gevangen in Dirkshorn en ruim 700 bladluizen gevangen in Aartswoud, zijn met PCR-diagnostiek onderzocht op aanwezigheid van TBV. Met behulp van de toegepaste onderzoeksmethoden zijn er geen aanwijzingen gevonden dat gevangen bladluizen TBV bij zich hadden. • Analyse op aanwezigheid van TBV in onkruiden op percelen die in het verleden in verband zijn gebracht met onverwachte toename aan TBV heeft niet geresulteerd in de identificatie van TBV-geïnfecteerde onkruiden. Het feit dat er geen TBV in de gevangen bladluizen is aangetoond, en dat er geen TBV in onkruidmonsters is aangetoond, doet vermoeden dat er vooralsnog geen infectiebron is voor TBV anders dan tulp. Voor de tulpensector is dit een hoopgevend resultaat

A new virus infecting Myzus persicae has a genome organization similar to the species of the genus Densovirus

The genomic sequence of a new icosahedral DNA virus infecting Myzus persicae has been determined. Analysis of 5499 nt of the viral genome revealed five open reading frames (ORFs) evenly distributed in the 5' half of both DNA strands. Three ORFs (ORF1-3) share the same strand, while two other ORFs (ORF4 and ORF5) are detected in the complementary sequence. The overall genomic organization is similar to that of species from the genus Densovirus. ORFs 1-3 most likely encode the non-structural proteins, since their putative products contain conserved replication motifs, NTP-binding domains and helicase domains similar to those found in the NS-1 protein of parvoviruses. The deduced amino acid sequences from ORFs 4 and 5 show sequence similarities with the structural proteins of the members of the genus Densovirus. These data indicate that this virus is a new species of the genus Densovirus in the family Parvoviridae. The virus was tentatively named Myzus persicae densovirus. The nucleotide sequence reported in this study appears in the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ nucleotide sequence databases under accession number AY148187