Youth and environmental protection: Research on the attitudes of the youth of Split on environmental awareness and habits and activities related to environmental protection

Ecological topics have been the focus of numerous studies in various scientific fields for years. The global problem of waste management is closely related to this topic. A constant increase in waste, which can be linked with mass consumption and economic development, is recorded in Croatia as well. Being observed as a global problem of the entire society, waste disposal can be also look at from an individual’s viewpoint who is responsible, after becoming ecologically aware, for reshaping its own behaviour and lifestyle in accordance with ecological values. The subject of the research is the ecological awareness of young people with the general aim of examining young people’s attitudes towards environment and youth awareness of environmental protection, and in order to determine this, it was necessary to determine the lifestyle habits, the frequency of recycling, the ways they contribute to environmental protection, their attitudes about the importance of environmental care and the impact of residents on the environment. Furthermore, an assessment of the citizens level of education on environmental protection was carried out. The online questionnaire included a convenience sample of 480 young people, 154 men and 326 women, in the city of Split, within the range of 18 to 29 years. From the results it is evident that, according to their assessment, the participants are conscientious toward the environment, often recycle paper and plastic, sometimes use eco products and dispose of waste in designated places. They criticize the (lack of) education of other citizens of Split when it comes to ecology, and they are also aware that waste disposal in Split is insufficient. When it comes to attitudes about waste disposal, air pollution and the education of other citizens, young people show that they are aware of the problems in the city Split. The ecological situation significantly affects the quality of life of an individual and society, so the results of this research can be understood within the framework of the set goals and results obtained from the conducted research. We can understand the research results as a guideline for work in the field of environmental awareness and environmental protection. Likewise, the results of the research are guidelines for the implementation of these topics through education and training of young people, but also of other age groups, so that the habits of young people (and citizens) of the city of Split, and accordingly their activities, change toward positive behavior in these areas in the future

Mladi i zaštita okoliša: Istraživanje stavova mladih grada Splita o ekološkoj osviještenosti te navikama i aktivnostima vezanim uz zaštitu okoliša

Ekološka tematika već je godinama u fokusu brojnih studija raznih znanstvenih područja. S tom tematikom je usko povezan globalni problem gospodarenja otpadom. U Hrvatskoj se također bilježi stalan rast otpada što se može povezati s povećanom potrošnjom te gospodarskim razvojem. Iako se na problem otpada gleda kao na globalni problem, odnosno kao na problem čitavog društva, zbrinjavanje otpada može se sagledati i iz ugla pojedinca na kojem je da osvijesti spomenutu problematiku te usmjeri vlastito ponašanje i način života sukladno ekološkim vrijednostima. Predmet ovog istraživanja je ekološka osviještenost mladih te je cilj ispitati odnos mladih prema okolišu kao i svijest o zaštiti okoliša, a kako bi to utvrdili, potrebno je bilo ispitati životne navike mladih, učestalost recikliranja, načine kojima mladi pridonose zaštiti okoliša, stavove mladih o važnosti brige o okolišu te stavove o utjecaju stanovnika na okoliš kao i procjenu educiranosti građana grada Splita o zaštiti okoliša. Online anketnim upitnikom obuhvaćen je prigodni uzorak od 480 mladih, 154 muškaraca i 326 žena, na području grada Splita u dobi od 18 do 29 godina. Iz rezultata je vidljivo kako su sudionici/ce, prema svojoj procjeni, savjesni prema okolišu, učestalo recikliraju papir i plastiku, ponekad koriste ekoproizvode te otpad odlažu na predviđena mjesta za to. Kritiziraju (ne)educiranost ostalih građana grada Splita kada je riječ o ekologiji, ali imaju i stav prema broju mjesta za odlaganje otpada u Splitu kojih, prema njima, nema dovoljno. Kada je riječ o stavovima o odlaganju otpada, zagađenosti zraka te educiranosti građana, mladi pokazuju kako su svjesni problematike. Ekološka situacija znatno utječe na kvalitetu života pojedinca i društva, stoga rezultate ovog istraživanja možemo razumjeti u okviru postavljenih ciljeva i rezultata dobivenih provedenim istraživanjem. Upravo rezultate istraživanja možemo shvatiti kao smjernice za rad na području okolišne svijesti i zaštite okoliša. Isto tako, rezultati istraživanja smjernice su za implementaciju ovih tema kroz edukaciju i obrazovanje mladih, ali i drugih dobnih skupina kako bi se navike mladih (i građana) grada Splita, a shodno tome i aktivnosti, u budućnosti mijenjale ka pozitivnom ponašanju u ovim područjima

Corruption in croatian society: attitudes of young people in Split-Dalmatia and Šibenik-Knin counties

Korupcija predstavlja kršenje moralne norme gdje pojedinac zlouporabi položaj moći radi pridobivanja osobnih benefita. Birokracija, tranzicija i nestabilni uvjeti općenito uvelike pridonose pojavi koruptivnih ponašanja. Kao najčešći izvor korupcije navode se političke stranke, a Ravlić (2010) smatra kako od njih kreću i svi ostali oblici. Postoje različite vrste korupcije poput individualne, sistemske ili klijentelističke, no svakoj je zajedničko što ukazuju na to da postoji disbalans u društvu. Provedeno istraživanje želi uvidjeti stavove građana o korupciji u Hrvatskom društvu, konkretno na uzorku mladih od 18-34 na području Splitskodalmatinske i Šibensko-kninske županije. Mladi su pokazali prosječnu političku participaciju, osim kod izlaska na izbore gdje je dosta visoka, i negativne stavove po pitanju raširenosti korupcije u hrvatskom društvu. Potvrđena je razlika u spolu s obzirom na sudjelovanje u koruptivnim ponašanjima, točnije muškarci su u većoj stopi bili traženi, tražili, davali ili primali mito nego žene. Uočena je i povezanost između negativnog stava prema tijelima vlasti i slaganjem s tvrdnjama o normalizaciji i ukorijenjenosti korupcije u Hrvatskoj.Corruption represents violation of the moral norm where an individual abuses his position of power to gain upon personal benefits. Bureaucracy, transition, and unstable conditions in general attribute to the occurrence of corruptive behaviour. Political parties are usually referenced as the most common source of corruption, and even Ravlić (2010) considers them the starting point to all other forms. There are different types of corruption such as individual, systematic or clientelist, but what they all have in common is alluding to an imbalance in society. The conducted research aims to seek opinions of citizens about corruption in the Croatian society, specifically on the sample of young people between 18-34 in Split- Dalmatia and Šibenik-Knin counties. Young people have shown average political participation, with the exemption of voting where it’s quite high, and negative attitudes when it comes to the prevalence of corruption in Croatian society. The research confirmed a difference in gender in connection to participation in corruptive behavior, to be exact, men have statistically been more asked, have asked, given or accepted bribe. There has been a noticeable connection between a negative attitude towards body of power and agreeing with statements about normalization and rootedness of corruption in Croatian society

CORRUPTION IN THE CROATIAN SOCIETY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF STATE AND PUBLIC OFFICIALS

Korupcija je društveni fenomen koji, pored toga što je kazneno djelo za koje počinitelji odgovaraju predodređenom kaznom, predstavlja i kršenje moralne norme, odstupanje od društvenih vrijednosti, te je zbog svoje prirode uz druge i sociološki fenomen. Iz te perspektive, funkcionalisti smatraju korupciju neizbježnom pojavom koja služi za napredovanje društva, dok institucionalisti naglašavaju važnost institucija u reguliranju i kriminalizaciji korupcije. Moralni teoretičari korupciju gledaju kao poremećaj u moralnosti javnih službenika na društvenoj razini, a teorija etiketiranja fokus stavlja na stavove društva prema označenoj osobi koje posljedično može uzrokovati devijaciju od prihvaćenih normi. Korupcija se u Hrvatskoj najčešće pojavljuje u obliku podmićivanja, iskorištavanja položaja, nepotizma, pogodovanja ili iskorištavanju postojanja sukoba interesa. U ovom kvalitativnom istraživanju fokus je stavljen na perspektivu 15 državnih i javnih službenika koji rade u zdravstvu, socijalnoj skrbi, sustavu pravosuđa i policiji. Iako su sociodemografske značajke službenika koji su sudjelovali u ovom intervjuu raznolike, analiza polustrukturiranog intervjua je pokazala kako imaju slična iskustva i stavove po pitanju korupcije. Sugovornici pretežito [Z11]nisu imali osobni doticaj s korupcijom. Pojedini službenici koji su ipak imali iskustva s ovom pojavom, izrazili su jasno negodovanje s tim kako se situacija razriješila, te su istakli aspekt poteškoća u odbijanju sudjelovanja. Po pitanju vrsta korupcije, sugovornici su ponajviše upoznati s nepotizmom, a ujedno smatraju da je taj oblik i najrašireniji. [Z12]Smatraju kako je korupcija je prisutna u svim državnim i javnim službama, a angažman tijela vlasti i tijela specijaliziranih za suzbijanje korupcije nije dovoljan da se ona suzbije. U hrvatskom društvu korupcija je okarakterizirana kao „normalna“ pojava te „rak“ društva koji može utjecati na njihovu kvalitetu života.Corruption is a social phenomenon which, in addition to being a criminal offense for which the perpetrators are liable to a predetermined punishment, also represents a violation of moral norms, a deviation from social values, due to its nature, it is also a sociological phenomenon. From this perspective, functionalists consider corruption as an inevitable phenomenon that serves the advancement of society, while institutionalists emphasize the importance of institutions in regulating and criminalizing corruption. Moral theorists see corruption as a disturbance in the morality of public officials at the social level, and the theory of labelling focuses on the attitudes of society towards the labelled person, which can consequently cause a deviation from accepted norms. Corruption in Croatia most often appears in the form of bribery, taking advantage of positions, nepotism, favouritism, or taking advantage of conflicts of interest. In this qualitative research, the focus is on the perspective of 15 state and public servants who work in health, social care, the justice system, and the police. The analysis of the semi-structured interview showed that officials Considering that the sociodemographic characteristics of the interlocutor are diverse, one gets a broader insight into the real situation, and encounters predominantly similar experiences and attitudes. The officials mostly did not have personal contact with corruption. The individuals who shared their experience, disagreed with how the situation was resolved and how difficult it is to refuse participation. When it comes to types of corruption, the officials are most familiar with nepotism, and they believe that this form is the most widespread. They believe that corruption is present in all state and public services, and the engagement of authorities and bodies specialized in combating corruption is not enough to suppress it. In Croatian society, corruption is characterized as a "normal" occurrence and a "cancer" of society that can affect their quality of life

CORRUPTION IN THE CROATIAN SOCIETY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF STATE AND PUBLIC OFFICIALS

Korupcija je društveni fenomen koji, pored toga što je kazneno djelo za koje počinitelji odgovaraju predodređenom kaznom, predstavlja i kršenje moralne norme, odstupanje od društvenih vrijednosti, te je zbog svoje prirode uz druge i sociološki fenomen. Iz te perspektive, funkcionalisti smatraju korupciju neizbježnom pojavom koja služi za napredovanje društva, dok institucionalisti naglašavaju važnost institucija u reguliranju i kriminalizaciji korupcije. Moralni teoretičari korupciju gledaju kao poremećaj u moralnosti javnih službenika na društvenoj razini, a teorija etiketiranja fokus stavlja na stavove društva prema označenoj osobi koje posljedično može uzrokovati devijaciju od prihvaćenih normi. Korupcija se u Hrvatskoj najčešće pojavljuje u obliku podmićivanja, iskorištavanja položaja, nepotizma, pogodovanja ili iskorištavanju postojanja sukoba interesa. U ovom kvalitativnom istraživanju fokus je stavljen na perspektivu 15 državnih i javnih službenika koji rade u zdravstvu, socijalnoj skrbi, sustavu pravosuđa i policiji. Iako su sociodemografske značajke službenika koji su sudjelovali u ovom intervjuu raznolike, analiza polustrukturiranog intervjua je pokazala kako imaju slična iskustva i stavove po pitanju korupcije. Sugovornici pretežito [Z11]nisu imali osobni doticaj s korupcijom. Pojedini službenici koji su ipak imali iskustva s ovom pojavom, izrazili su jasno negodovanje s tim kako se situacija razriješila, te su istakli aspekt poteškoća u odbijanju sudjelovanja. Po pitanju vrsta korupcije, sugovornici su ponajviše upoznati s nepotizmom, a ujedno smatraju da je taj oblik i najrašireniji. [Z12]Smatraju kako je korupcija je prisutna u svim državnim i javnim službama, a angažman tijela vlasti i tijela specijaliziranih za suzbijanje korupcije nije dovoljan da se ona suzbije. U hrvatskom društvu korupcija je okarakterizirana kao „normalna“ pojava te „rak“ društva koji može utjecati na njihovu kvalitetu života.Corruption is a social phenomenon which, in addition to being a criminal offense for which the perpetrators are liable to a predetermined punishment, also represents a violation of moral norms, a deviation from social values, due to its nature, it is also a sociological phenomenon. From this perspective, functionalists consider corruption as an inevitable phenomenon that serves the advancement of society, while institutionalists emphasize the importance of institutions in regulating and criminalizing corruption. Moral theorists see corruption as a disturbance in the morality of public officials at the social level, and the theory of labelling focuses on the attitudes of society towards the labelled person, which can consequently cause a deviation from accepted norms. Corruption in Croatia most often appears in the form of bribery, taking advantage of positions, nepotism, favouritism, or taking advantage of conflicts of interest. In this qualitative research, the focus is on the perspective of 15 state and public servants who work in health, social care, the justice system, and the police. The analysis of the semi-structured interview showed that officials Considering that the sociodemographic characteristics of the interlocutor are diverse, one gets a broader insight into the real situation, and encounters predominantly similar experiences and attitudes. The officials mostly did not have personal contact with corruption. The individuals who shared their experience, disagreed with how the situation was resolved and how difficult it is to refuse participation. When it comes to types of corruption, the officials are most familiar with nepotism, and they believe that this form is the most widespread. They believe that corruption is present in all state and public services, and the engagement of authorities and bodies specialized in combating corruption is not enough to suppress it. In Croatian society, corruption is characterized as a "normal" occurrence and a "cancer" of society that can affect their quality of life

Corruption in croatian society: attitudes of young people in Split-Dalmatia and Šibenik-Knin counties

Korupcija predstavlja kršenje moralne norme gdje pojedinac zlouporabi položaj moći radi pridobivanja osobnih benefita. Birokracija, tranzicija i nestabilni uvjeti općenito uvelike pridonose pojavi koruptivnih ponašanja. Kao najčešći izvor korupcije navode se političke stranke, a Ravlić (2010) smatra kako od njih kreću i svi ostali oblici. Postoje različite vrste korupcije poput individualne, sistemske ili klijentelističke, no svakoj je zajedničko što ukazuju na to da postoji disbalans u društvu. Provedeno istraživanje želi uvidjeti stavove građana o korupciji u Hrvatskom društvu, konkretno na uzorku mladih od 18-34 na području Splitskodalmatinske i Šibensko-kninske županije. Mladi su pokazali prosječnu političku participaciju, osim kod izlaska na izbore gdje je dosta visoka, i negativne stavove po pitanju raširenosti korupcije u hrvatskom društvu. Potvrđena je razlika u spolu s obzirom na sudjelovanje u koruptivnim ponašanjima, točnije muškarci su u većoj stopi bili traženi, tražili, davali ili primali mito nego žene. Uočena je i povezanost između negativnog stava prema tijelima vlasti i slaganjem s tvrdnjama o normalizaciji i ukorijenjenosti korupcije u Hrvatskoj.Corruption represents violation of the moral norm where an individual abuses his position of power to gain upon personal benefits. Bureaucracy, transition, and unstable conditions in general attribute to the occurrence of corruptive behaviour. Political parties are usually referenced as the most common source of corruption, and even Ravlić (2010) considers them the starting point to all other forms. There are different types of corruption such as individual, systematic or clientelist, but what they all have in common is alluding to an imbalance in society. The conducted research aims to seek opinions of citizens about corruption in the Croatian society, specifically on the sample of young people between 18-34 in Split- Dalmatia and Šibenik-Knin counties. Young people have shown average political participation, with the exemption of voting where it’s quite high, and negative attitudes when it comes to the prevalence of corruption in Croatian society. The research confirmed a difference in gender in connection to participation in corruptive behavior, to be exact, men have statistically been more asked, have asked, given or accepted bribe. There has been a noticeable connection between a negative attitude towards body of power and agreeing with statements about normalization and rootedness of corruption in Croatian society