Caracterización polifásica de cepas de Fusarium graminearum, aisladas de líneas de trigo de la Región Oriental del Paraguay

El objetivo del proyecto fue Caracterizar cepas Fusarium graminearum, en relación a la biosíntesis de tricotecenos, mediante métodos in vitro y técnicas moleculares.CONACYT – Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

An LTR retrotransposon in the promoter of a PsMYB10.2 gene associated with the regulation of fruit f lesh color in Japanese plum

Japanese plums exhibit wide diversity of fruit coloration. The red to black hues are caused by the accumulation of anthocyanins, while their absence results in yellow, orange or green fruits. In Prunus, MYB10 genes are determinants for anthocyanin accumulation. In peach, QTLs for red plant organ traits map in an LG3 region with three MYB10 copies (PpMYB10.1, PpMYB10.2 and PpMYB10.3). In Japanese plum the gene copy number in this region differs with respect to peach: there are at least three copies of PsMYB10.1, with the expression of one of them (PsMYB10.1a) correlating with fruit skin color. The objective of this study was to determine a possible role of LG3-PsMYB10 genes in the natural variability of the f lesh color trait and to develop a molecular marker for marker-assisted selection (MAS). We explored the variability within the LG3-PsMYB10 region using long-range sequences obtained in previous studies through CRISPR-Cas9 enrichment sequencing. We found that the PsMYB10.2 gene was only expressed in red f lesh fruits. Its role in promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis was validated by transient overexpression in Japanese plum fruits. The analysis of long-range sequences identified an LTR retrotransposon in the promoter of the expressed PsMYB10.2 gene that explained the trait in 93.1% of the 145 individuals analyzed. We hypothesize that the LTR retrotransposon may promote the PsMYB10.2 expression and activate the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. We propose for the first time the PsMYB10.2 gene as candidate for the f lesh color natural variation in Japanese plum and provide a molecular marker for MAS.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cepas potencialmente productoras de tricotecenos, aisladas de variedades de trigo cultivadas en Paraguay.

Los tricotecénos son sesquiterpenos, de una familia de micotoxinas producidas por hongos, de varias especies. Una de ellas son las especies del complejo Fusarium graminearum, productora del deoxinivalenol, nivalenol, ergosterol y otras. Las cepas del complejo Fusarium graminearum, fueron aisladas de variedades de trigo cultivadas en Paraguay con la enfermedad conocida como Fusariosis de la espiga. El precursor de la biosíntesis de tricotecenos, TRI5 (Tricodieno sintetasa) empleado para caracterizar cepas productoras de micotoxinas dentro del grupo de sesquiterpenos.CONACYT - Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Caracterización del crecimiento del complejo Fusarium graminearum aislados de la Región Oriental del Paraguay.

Gibberella zeae también conocido como Fusarium graminearum, es un hongo causante de varias enfermedades, en trigo y otros cereales, destacándose la enfermedad fusariosis de la espiga en trigo. La misma produce reducciones en el rendimiento agronómico y la presencia de micotoxinas como el deoxinivalenol (DON) y la zearalenona (ZEA).CONACYT - Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Identificación de enfermedades fúngicas en Acrocomia aculeata

El trabajo tiene los objetivos de identificar enfermedades fúngicas presentes en hojas de Acrocomia aculeata y, caracterizar enfermedades fúngicas presentes en A. aculeata.CONACYT – Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Identificación de plagas y enfermedades fúngicas en Acrocomia aculeata

La palmera heliófila Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Ex Martius crece de modo silvestre en Paraguay, conmayor abundancia en la cuenca del río homónimo. En este país, el “mbokaja”, tiene valor ecológico, cultural,social y también económico dado que con el aceite que se obtiene de la almendra se elaboran jabones de tocador y jabón de coco puro y además se ha constituido en una alternativa para la elaboración de biodiesel. El trabajo tiene el objetivo de identificar plagas y enfermedades fúngicas en Acrocomia aculeata.CONACYT – Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Incidencia de hongos del complejo Fusarium gramínearum y acumulación de Deoxinivalenol en líneas de trigo

Los hongos del complejo Fusarium graminearum son uno de los principales problemas del cultivo del trigo a nivel mundial, debido a que ocasionan pérdidas de rendimiento y producen micotoxinas perjudiciales para la salud humana y animal. El método más eficaz para la solución de estos problemas es la prevención de la contaminación. No existen en la actualidad variedades que presenten resistencia total a estos patógenos. Es importante la identificación de variedades con potencial de resistencia en programas de mejoramiento genético. Se estudiaron in vitro 15 líneas avanzadas del Programa de Investigación en Trigo provenientes de Capitán Miranda, Itapúa; estas líneas presentaban infección natural a campo de hongos del Complejo Fusarium graminearum. La incidencia de hongos y la acumulación de Deoxinivalenol fueron evaluadas mediante análisis de varianza, comparación de medias por el test de Tukey y correlación de Spearman. Se identificaron dos líneas avanzadas de trigo con potencial de resistencia tipo III y tres con potencial de resistencia tipo V. No se encontró correlación entre la incidencia de hongos del Complejo Fusarium graminearum in vitro y la acumulación de Deoxinivalenol en las líneas estudiadas

The apple REFPOP - a reference population for genomics-assisted breeding in apple

Breeding of apple is a long-term and costly process due to the time and space requirements for screening selection candidates. Genomics-assisted breeding utilizes genomic and phenotypic information to increase the selection efficiency in breeding programs, and measurements of phenotypes in different environments can facilitate the application of the approach under various climatic conditions. Here we present an apple reference population: the apple REFPOP, a large collection formed of 534 genotypes planted in six European countries, as a unique tool to accelerate apple breeding. The population consisted of 269 accessions and 265 progeny from 27 parental combinations, representing the diversity in cultivated apple and current European breeding material, respectively. A high-density genome-wide dataset of 303,239 SNPs was produced as a combined output of two SNP arrays of different densities using marker imputation with an imputation accuracy of 0.95. Based on the genotypic data, linkage disequilibrium was low and population structure was weak. Two well-studied phenological traits of horticultural importance were measured. We found marker-trait associations in several previously identified genomic regions and maximum predictive abilities of 0.57 and 0.75 for floral emergence and harvest date, respectively. With decreasing SNP density, the detection of significant marker-trait associations varied depending on trait architecture. Regardless of the trait, 10,000 SNPs sufficed to maximize genomic prediction ability. We confirm the suitability of the apple REFPOP design for genomics-assisted breeding, especially for breeding programs using related germplasm, and emphasize the advantages of a coordinated and multinational effort for customizing apple breeding methods in the genomics era

Explorando la interacción molecular durante la infección temprana en lineas de trigo en el patosistema trigo - Fusarium graminearum

El objetivo del trabajo es identificar y caracterizar los genes asociados a la resistencia de la fusariosis de la espiga en materiales de trigo.CONACYT – Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Genomic analysis of fruit size and shape traits in apple: unveiling candidate genes through GWAS analysis

Genomic tools facilitate the efficient selection of improved genetic materials within a breeding program. Here, we focus on two apple fruit quality traits: shape and size. We utilized data from 11 fruit morphology parameters gathered across three years of harvest from 355 genotypes of the apple REFPOP collection, which serves as a representative sample of the genetic variability present in European-cultivated apples. The data were then employed for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using the FarmCPU and the BLINK models. The analysis identified 59 SNPs associated with fruit size and shape traits (35 with FarmCPU and 45 with BLINK) responsible for 71 QTNs. These QTNs were distributed across all chromosomes except for chromosomes 10 and 15. Thirty-four QTNs, identified by 27 SNPs, were related for size traits, and 37 QTNs, identified by 26 SNPs, were related to shape attributes. The definition of the haploblocks containing the most relevant SNPs served to propose candidate genes, among them the genes of the ovate family protein MdOFP17 and MdOFP4 that were in a 9.7kb haploblock on Chromosome 11. RNA-seq data revealed low or null expression of these genes in the oblong cultivar “Skovfoged” and higher expression in the flat “Grand’mere.” The Gene Ontology enrichment analysis support a role of OFPs and hormones in shape regulation. In conclusion, this comprehensive GWAS analysis of the apple REFPOP collection has revealed promising genetic markers and candidate genes associated with apple fruit shape and size attributes, providing valuable insights that could enhance the efficiency of future breeding programs.C.D. was supported by “DON CARLOS ANTONIO LOPEZ” Abroad Postgraduate Scholarship Program, BECAL-Paraguay. V.C.A. is a recipient of grant PRE2019-088780 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future.” This research was supported by project PID2021-128885OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe.” This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 817970 (INVITE). We acknowledge support from the CERCA Programme (“Generalitat de Catalunya”), and the “Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D” 2016-2019 (SEV-2015-0533) and 2020-2023 (CEX2019-000902-S) both funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio