A review of single-mode fiber optofluidics

We review the field we describe as “single-mode fiber optofluidics” which combines the technologies of microfluidics with single-mode fiber optics for delivering new implementations of well-known single-mode optical fiber devices. The ability of a fluid to be easily shaped to different geometries plus the ability to have its optical properties easily changed via concentration changes or an applied electrical or magnetic field offers potential benefits such as no mechanical moving parts, miniaturization, increased sensitivity and lower costs. However, device fabrication and operation can be more complex than in established single-mode fiber optic devices

Modeling and characterization of an electrowetting based single mode fiber variable optical attenuator

We report an optofluidics-based variable optical attenuator (VOA) employing a tapered side-polished single-mode optical fiber attached to an electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) platform. The side polishing of the fiber cladding gives access to the evanescent field of the guided mode, while the EWOD platform electrically controls the stepwise translation of a liquid droplet along the variable thickness polished cladding of the fiber. The penetration of the evanescent field into the droplet leads to tunneling of optical power from the fiber core to the droplet, from where it is radiatively lost. As a result of the variable cladding thickness, the position of the droplet along the length of the polished fiber determines the degree of penetration of the evanescent field into the droplet. The droplet position can be electrically changed; thus, controlling the optical power loss from the fiber. This approach has been used to demonstrate an optofluidic continuous-fiber VOA typically providing up to 26 dB of broadband attenuation in the 1550-nm transmission window, with a wavelength dependent loss less than 1.1 dB. In this paper, we present the theoretical modeling and experimental characterization of the system, discussing the influence of the design parameters on the performance of this VOA

Perancangan Aplikasi Akuntansi Pelayanan Apotek pada Apotek Ating XI Bandung

Teknologi informasi berkembang sangat pesat, salah satu perangkat yang terkena adalah komputer. Dari waktu ke waktu ada kemajuan pada perangkat ini kedua perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras. Apotek Ating XI yang sampai sekarang belum terkomputerisasi dan benar-benar membutuhkan aplikasi untuk mendukung dan memberikan pelayanan yang memuaskan kepada konsumen dan untuk mendukung pembuatan laporan lebih cepat, akurat, efektif dan efisien. Apotek Ating XI adalah Perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang penjualan obatobatan dan alat kesehatan. Pencatatan transaksi mulai dari pembelian barang, penjualan barang dan pembuatan laporan masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga rentan terjadi kesalahan selama proses transaksi berlangsung. Kurangnya aplikasi komputer membuat transaksi sedikit terhambat, terutama dalam hal laporan keuangan. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan, yaitu, observasi, wawancara, dan sastra. Desain aplikasi akuntansi ini adalah solusi terbaik untuk memecahkan masalah dan kendala yang terjadi di Perusahaan ini untuk masukan proses pembelian, proses penjualan barang dan pelaporan proses bisa berjalan lebih cepat dan yang paling penting, laporan dapat dihasilkan lebih akurat . Dengan desain aplikasi akuntansi Perusahaan ini diharapkan dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut di tengah tigh persaingan di dunia bisnis saat in

AAV-encoded expression of TRAIL in experimental human colorectal cancer leads to tumor regression

Gene transfer vectors based on the adeno-associated virus (AAV) are used for various experimental and clinical therapeutic approaches. In the present study, we demonstrate the utility of rAAV as a tumoricidal agent in human colorectal cancer. We constructed an rAAV vector that expresses tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing figand (TRAIL/Apo2L) and used it to transduce human colorectal cancer cells. TRAIL belongs to the TNF superfamily of cytokines that are involved in various immune responses and apoptotic processes. It has been shown to induce cell death specifically in cancer cells. Transduction with AAV.TRAIL gave rise to rapid expression of TRAIL, followed by induction of apoptosis, which could be inhibited by the caspase inhibitor z-VAD.fmk, in several human colon cancer cell lines. The apoptotic mechanism included activation of caspase-3, as well as cytochrome c release from mitochondria. The outgrowth of human colorectal tumors grown in mice was completely blocked by transduction with AAV.TRAIL in vitro, while in vivo transduction significantly inhibited the growth of established tumors. AAV vectors could provide a safe method of gene delivery and offer a novel method of using TRAIL as a therapeutic protein. © 2004 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved

AAV-encoded expression of TRAIL in experimental human colorectal cancer leads to tumor regression

Gene transfer vectors based on the adeno-associated virus (AAV) are used for various experimental and clinical therapeutic approaches. In the present study, we demonstrate the utility of rAAV as a tumoricidal agent in human colorectal cancer. We constructed an rAAV vector that expresses tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing figand (TRAIL/Apo2L) and used it to transduce human colorectal cancer cells. TRAIL belongs to the TNF superfamily of cytokines that are involved in various immune responses and apoptotic processes. It has been shown to induce cell death specifically in cancer cells. Transduction with AAV.TRAIL gave rise to rapid expression of TRAIL, followed by induction of apoptosis, which could be inhibited by the caspase inhibitor z-VAD.fmk, in several human colon cancer cell lines. The apoptotic mechanism included activation of caspase-3, as well as cytochrome c release from mitochondria. The outgrowth of human colorectal tumors grown in mice was completely blocked by transduction with AAV.TRAIL in vitro, while in vivo transduction significantly inhibited the growth of established tumors. AAV vectors could provide a safe method of gene delivery and offer a novel method of using TRAIL as a therapeutic protein. © 2004 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved