Non-target Bark Beetles in Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg) Pheromone Traps Baited with Host Volatiles

Response of several non-target bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) to different combinations of the northern spruce bark beetles synthetic pheromone with the monoterpenes (-)-alpha-pinene and (+)-limonene has been studied in choice experiments in the field with flight barrier traps. The experiments were organized in four Norway spruce stands (40-50 years old) outside its natural area, in the north-east of Romania, where Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg) populations had reached an epidemical level. Each experiment had five treatments randomly replicated in six blocks within each experimental plot. Four non-target bark beetle species were captured together with Ips duplicatus: I. typographus (L.) (2611 beetles), Pityogenes chalcographus (L.) (184 beetles), Hylastes cunicularius Erichson (107 beetles) and Dryocoetes autographus (Ratzeburg) (24 beetles), representing 1.77%, 0.13%, 0.07% and 0.02% respectively of total captures. Beetles of I. typographus were attracted by synthetic pheromone blend of I. duplicatus and have intensified their response in the presence of (-)-alpha-pinene or a combination between (-)-alpha-pinene and (+)-limonene, but the other species have been captured in the traps accidentally. The positive response of I. typographus to the present formulation of I. duplicatus pheromone suggests the possibility to use the pheromone dispensers for both species in the same traps when mass-trapping is the main goal, but new studies should clarify the real effects of putting together pheromone dispensers of I. typographus or P. chalcographus with those of I. duplicatus

Optimizarea procedurilor pentru certificarea sistemului de management de mediu al unui agent economic

At present, it is known that an effective control of pollution at organization level can’t be realized just on technological solutions, but it must be made according to an Environmental Management System incorporated to General Management. In many countries, Environmental Management System Implementation has succeeded in making its point, not only by acquired financial benefits such as identification of helpful areas, efficient increase of production, and so on, but also by increase of credibility in getting of bank credits, in bringing of the new investors and promoters.environmental management systems, proceedings, significant environmental aspects

Sustainable development- strategic goal of the knowledge based economy

Knowledge based economy represents a new phase in the civilizations’ development, which promise a new and better way of living. This economy it is based on information and knowledge from all the fields of the economic activities and human existence and has an important economic and social impact. The achieving of a new and better way of living it can be realized thru the sustainable economic development. That is why, starting with the 1980’s there have been preoccupations at European Union level regarding policy elaboration towards a sustainable development. Thus, the sustainable development (economic, social, environmental and institutional) becomes a new strategic objective of the knowledge based economy and this new objective can be formulated as “the accomplishment of a dynamic and competitive economy, capable of sustainable economic growth, with more and better jobs and with a grater social cohesion”. The present paper it is belt on the following idea: one of the strategic goals of the European Union is to become the most competitive knowledge based economy and sustainable development is one of the key factors of the knowledge based econom

A conversion method of young hornbeam coppices and its possible impact on future stand structural attributes

Tulbure C., Duduman G., 2012. A conversion method of young hornbeam coppices and its possible impact on future stand structural attributes. Ann. For. Res. 55(2): 281-296, 2012. Abstract. The paper analyse the substitution of hornbeam coppice stands and conversion into high forest stands, formed by species that better valorise the site conditions. An improved alternative for the method of substitution in corridors is presented. The main goal of this new substitution-conversion alternative is to gradually conduct the actual structure of the coppice stands towards the target structure imposed by the forest management objectives, without a total elimination of the species that will be substituted. Two plot areas were selected in order to put into practice the proposed method. Bands were created for reducing the effective costs of the substitution process. 450 respectively 468, small seedlings (of beech, pedunculate oak and sessile oak) per hectare were planted in the created bands. The planting scheme took into account the shadow tolerance of the species from the target composition. Based on the field data and using the yield tables, the evolution of the stands in the two selected plots was simulated. In this respect, the forest treatments were parameterized according to the Romanian forest rules regarding the application of thinning and regeneration cuttings. The substitution-conversion process started from an almost pure hornbeam coppice and, simulating the application of the proposed method for 120 years, it was predicted that the method allows directing the actual stand structure to the target structure. The dynamics of species and structural diversity were assessed and the results of 120 years simulation indicate an important increase of both the species (the Shannon species index increases from 0.203 to 1.073) and structural diversity (the Gini structural index increases from 0.032 to 0.200)

Climate modulates the effects of tree diversity on forest productivity

1. Despite growing evidence that, on average, diverse forests tend to be more productive than species-poor ones, individual studies often report strongly contrasting relationships between tree species richness and above-ground wood production (AWP). In the attempt to reconcile these apparently inconsistent results, we explored whether the strength and shape of AWP–diversity relationships shifts along spatial and temporal environmental gradients in forests across Europe. 2. We used tree ring data from a network of permanent forest plots distributed at six sites across Europe to estimate annual AWP over a 15-year period (1997–2011). We then tested whether the relationship between tree species richness and AWP changes (i) across sites as a function of large-scale gradients in climatic productivity and tree packing density and (ii) among years within each sites as a result of fluctuating climatic conditions. 3. AWP–species richness relationships varied markedly among sites. As predicted by theory, the relationship shifted from strongly positive at sites where climate imposed a strong limitation on wood production and tree packing densities were low, to weakly negative at sites where climatic conditions for growth were most suitable. In contrast, we found no consistent effect of interannual fluctuations in climate on the strength of AWP–species richness relationships within sites. 4. Synthesis. Our results indicate that the shape and strength of the relationship between tree diversity and forest productivity depends critically on environmental context. Across Europe, tree diversity shows the greatest potential to positively influence forest productivity at either end of the latitudinal gradient, where adverse climatic conditions limit productivity and lead to the development of less densely packed stands.The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 265171.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.1252

Climate modulates the effects of tree diversity on forest productivity

Despite growing evidence that, on average, diverse forests tend to be more productive than species‐poor ones, individual studies often report strongly contrasting relationships between tree species richness and above‐ground wood production (AWP). In the attempt to reconcile these apparently inconsistent results, we explored whether the strength and shape of AWP–diversity relationships shifts along spatial and temporal environmental gradients in forests across Europe. We used tree ring data from a network of permanent forest plots distributed at six sites across Europe to estimate annual AWP over a 15‐year period (1997–2011). We then tested whether the relationship between tree species richness and AWP changes (i) across sites as a function of large‐scale gradients in climatic productivity and tree packing density and (ii) among years within each sites as a result of fluctuating climatic conditions. AWP–species richness relationships varied markedly among sites. As predicted by theory, the relationship shifted from strongly positive at sites where climate imposed a strong limitation on wood production and tree packing densities were low, to weakly negative at sites where climatic conditions for growth were most suitable. In contrast, we found no consistent effect of interannual fluctuations in climate on the strength of AWP–species richness relationships within sites. Synthesis. Our results indicate that the shape and strength of the relationship between tree diversity and forest productivity depends critically on environmental context. Across Europe, tree diversity shows the greatest potential to positively influence forest productivity at either end of the latitudinal gradient, where adverse climatic conditions limit productivity and lead to the development of less densely packed stands.The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 265171.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.1252

Sustainable development- strategic goal of the knowledge based economy

Knowledge based economy represents a new phase in the civilizations’ development, which promise a new and better way of living. This economy it is based on information and knowledge from all the fields of the economic activities and human existence and has an important economic and social impact. The achieving of a new and better way of living it can be realized thru the sustainable economic development. That is why, starting with the 1980’s there have been preoccupations at European Union level regarding policy elaboration towards a sustainable development. Thus, the sustainable development (economic, social, environmental and institutional) becomes a new strategic objective of the knowledge based economy and this new objective can be formulated as “the accomplishment of a dynamic and competitive economy, capable of sustainable economic growth, with more and better jobs and with a grater social cohesion”. The present paper it is belt on the following idea: one of the strategic goals of the European Union is to become the most competitive knowledge based economy and sustainable development is one of the key factors of the knowledge based econom

Optimizarea procedurilor pentru certificarea sistemului de management de mediu al unui agent economic

At present, it is known that an effective control of pollution at organization level can’t be realized just on technological solutions, but it must be made according to an Environmental Management System incorporated to General Management. In many countries, Environmental Management System Implementation has succeeded in making its point, not only by acquired financial benefits such as identification of helpful areas, efficient increase of production, and so on, but also by increase of credibility in getting of bank credits, in bringing of the new investors and promoters

Optimizarea procedurilor pentru certificarea sistemului de management de mediu al unui agent economic

At present, it is known that an effective control of pollution at organization level can’t be realized just on technological solutions, but it must be made according to an Environmental Management System incorporated to General Management. In many countries, Environmental Management System Implementation has succeeded in making its point, not only by acquired financial benefits such as identification of helpful areas, efficient increase of production, and so on, but also by increase of credibility in getting of bank credits, in bringing of the new investors and promoters

The Database of European Forest Insect and Disease Disturbances: DEFID2

[EN] Insect and disease outbreaks in forests are biotic disturbances that can profoundly alter ecosystem dynamics. In many parts of the world, these disturbance regimes are intensifying as the climate changes and shifts the distribution of species and biomes. As a result, key forest ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, regulation of water flows, wood production, protection of soils, and the conservation of bio-diversity, could be increasingly compromised. Despite the relevance of these detri-mental effects, there are currently no spatially detailed databases that record insect and disease disturbances on forests at the pan-European scale. Here, we present the new Database of European Forest Insect and Disease Disturbances (DEFID2). It comprises over 650,000 harmonized georeferenced records, mapped as polygons or points, of insects and disease disturbances that occurred between 1963 and 2021 in European forests. The records currently span eight different countries and were acquired through diverse methods (e.g., ground surveys, remote sensing techniques). The records in DEFID2 are described by a set of qualitative attributes, including se-verity and patterns of damage symptoms, agents, host tree species, climate-driven trigger factors, silvicultural practices, and eventual sanitary interventions. They are further complemented with a satellite- based quantitative characterization of the affected forest areas based on Landsat Normalized Burn Ratio time series, and dam-age metrics derived from them using the LandTrendr spectral–temporal segmentation algorithm (including onset, duration, magnitude, and rate of the disturbance), and pos-sible interactions with windthrow and wildfire events. The DEFID2 database is a novel resource for many large-scale applications dealing with biotic disturbances. It offers a unique contribution to design networks of experiments, improve our understanding of ecological processes underlying biotic forest disturbances, monitor their dynamics, and enhance their representation in land-climate models. Further data sharing is en-couraged to extend and improve the DEFID2 database continuously. The database is freely available at https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc- opend ata/FOREST/DISTURBANCES/DEFID2/SIEC Joint Research Centre; European Commission, Grant/Award Number: 101059498; European Research Council, Grant/Award Number: 101039567; Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization of Romania; LifeWatch— POC project, Grant/Award Number: 327/390003/06-11-202