Management factors and conditions of higher education students professional mobility formation

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved. In contemporary terms of globalization and modernization of higher professional education the tasks of those specialists’ training are relevant, which not only can easily learn, but also adapt quickly to changing conditions and to the content of their professional activities. In this context, this article is aimed at the characteristics’ identifying of students’ professional mobility formation. The leading methods in the study of this problem are diagnostic, observational, proxy-metrical methods, study and generalization of the advanced pedagogical experience, methods of data statistical treatment using the package SPSS. The article reveals the students’ attitude to the phenomenon of professional mobility; the basic reasons that may lead to occupation or specialty change by the graduates after university graduation are studied; educational and management conditions are offered contributing to the efficiency of the process; dynamics of students’ professional mobility formation during their study at the university is defined. The contents of this article can be useful for faculty members of higher educational institutions in the selection and structuring of learning content and the implementation of career guidance with graduates of schools and colleges

The High–Low Arctic boundary: How is it determined and where is it located?

Geobotanical subdivision of landcover is a baseline for many studies. The High–Low Arctic boundary is considered to be of fundamental natural importance. The wide application of different delimitation schemes in various ecological studies and climatic scenarios raises the following questions: (i) What are the common criteria to define the High and Low Arctic? (ii) Could human impact significantly change the distribution of the delimitation criteria? (iii) Is the widely accepted temperature criterion still relevant given ongoing climate change? and (iv) Could we locate the High–Low Arctic boundary by mapping these criteria derived from modern open remote sensing and climatic data? Researchers rely on common criteria for geobotanical delimitation of the Arctic. Unified circumpolar criteria are based on the structure of vegetation cover and climate, while regional specifics are reflected in the floral composition. However, the published delimitation schemes vary greatly. The disagreement in the location of geobotanical boundaries across the studies manifests in poorly comparable results. While maintaining the common principles of geobotanical subdivision, we derived the boundary between the High and Low Arctic using the most up‐to‐date field data and modern techniques: species distribution modeling, radar, thermal and optical satellite imagery processing, and climatic data analysis. The position of the High–Low Arctic boundary in Western Siberia was clarified and mapped. The new boundary is located 50–100 km further north compared to all the previously presented ones. Long‐term anthropogenic press contributes to a change in the vegetation structure but does not noticeably affect key species ranges. A previously specified climatic criterion for the High–Low Arctic boundary accepted in scientific literature has not coincided with the boundary in Western Siberia for over 70 years. The High–Low Arctic boundary is distinctly reflected in biodiversity distribution. The presented approach is appropriate for accurate mapping of the High–Low Arctic boundary in the circumpolar extent

Ранняя активизация кардиохирургических больных: история и терминология

In foreign countries, the anesthesiological and resuscitative tactics that ensure the maximally rapid discontinuation of mechanical ventilation are regarded as a fundamental therapeutic component of the so-called fast-track cardiac surgery that provides a shorter length of hospital stay, an intensified therapeutic process, and lower-cost treatment. In the Russian literature, this methodic approach is customarily designated early activation, by bearing in mind that discontinuation of mechanical ventilation is a key point of postoperative recovery of the patients’ physical activity. The main Russian and foreign publications on the specific features of therapeutic tactics in early periods after cardiac surgery are historically analyzed. The paper covers the polemic between the supporters and opponents of the earliest activation of patients operated on under extracorporeal circulation, the change of views on a need for obligatory postoperative mechanical ventilation, and the impact of the rate of activation and physical activity on the quality of rehabilitation. Terminology and clinicians’ points of views on the optimum activation periods are analyzed. Key words: early activation, operations under extracorporeal circulation, tracheal extubation in an operating room, early tracheal extubation, postoperative rehabilitation of cardiosurgical patients.Анестезиолого-реаниматологическую тактику, обеспечивающую максимально быстрое прекращение искусственной вентиляции легких после операций с искусственным кровообращением, за рубежом рассматривают как основной лечебный компонент так называемой «быстрой кардиохирургии» («fast-track cardiac surgery»), обеспечивающей укорочение госпитализации больных, интенсификацию лечебного процесса и удешевление лечения. В отечественной литературе такой методический подход принято обозначать как раннюю активизацию, имея в виду, что прекращение искусственной вентиляции легких является ключевым моментом послеоперационного восстановления физической активности больных. В историческом аспекте представлен анализ основных отечественных и зарубежных работ, посвященных особенностям лечебной тактики в ранние сроки после кардиохирур-гических операций. Освещена научная полемика между сторонниками и противниками максимально ранней активизации больных, оперированных с искусственным кровообращением, и видоизменение взглядов на необходимость обязательной послеоперационной искусственной вентиляции легких, а также влияние темпа активизации и физической активности на качество реабилитации больных. Анализируется терминология и взгляды клиницистов на оптимальные сроки активизации. Ключевые слова: ранняя активизация, операции с искусственным кровообращением, экстубация трахеи в операционной, ранняя экстубация трахеи, послеоперационная реабилитация кардиохирургических больных

Claudin 18.2 – a novel treatment target in the multicenter, randomized, phase II FAST study, a trial of epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine (EOX) with or without the anti-CLDN18.2 antibody IMAB362 as 1st line therapy in advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer

Background: Claudin(CLDN)18.2 is a stomach specific tight junction protein. The chimeric monoclonal anti-CLDN18.2 antibody IMAB362 potently activates complement and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. FAST investigated CLDN18.2 tumor expression and therapy with IMAB362 in combination with first line chemotherapy in pts with advanced gastric and GEJ cancer. Methods: Pts with advanced gastric and GEJ cancer were centrally evaluated for CLDN18.2 by immunohistochemistry (CLAUDETECT18.2® Kit). CLDN18.2 expression of ≥ 2+ in ≥ 40% tumor cells was defined positive. Eligible pts required CLDN18.2+ tumors, an ECOG PS of 0–1, and no medical need for trastuzumab treatment

Final results of the FAST study, an international, multicenter, randomized, phase II trial of epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine (EOX) with or without the anti-CLDN18.2 antibody IMAB362 as first-line therapy in patients with advanced CLDN18.2+ gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma

Background: IMAB362, a chimeric monoclonal antibody that mediates specific killing of cancer cells expressing the tight junction protein Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) by activation of immune effector mechanisms, has demonstrated single-agent activity and tolerability in patients ( pts) with heavily pretreated gastric cancer. Methods: Pts with advanced/recurrent gastric and GEJ cancer were centrally evaluated for CLDN18.2 expression by immunohistochemistry (CLAUDETECT® 18.2 Histology Kit). Eligible pts had a CLDN18.2 expression of ≥2+ in ≥40% tumor cells, an ECOG PS of 0–1 and were not eligible for trastuzumab. Pts were randomized 1:1 to first-line EOX (epirubicin 50 mg/m2 and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 d1, and capecitabine 625 mg/m2 bid, d1–21; qd22) with or without IMAB362 (loading dose 800 mg/m2, then 600 mg/m2 d1, qd21). An exploratory arm (N = 85) was added to investigate a higher dose IMAB362 (1000 mg/m2) plus EOX. The primary study endpoint was PFS (Arm1 vs 2,70% power, hazard ratio [HR] 0.72, 1-sided p = 0.1). Here we present the final study results

Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi

Fungi are highly diverse organisms, which provide multiple ecosystem services. However, compared with charismatic animals and plants, the distribution patterns and conservation needs of fungi have been little explored. Here, we examined endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability and conservation priority areas for functional groups of soil fungi based on six global surveys using a high-resolution, long-read metabarcoding approach. We found that the endemicity of all fungi and most functional groups peaks in tropical habitats, including Amazonia, Yucatan, West-Central Africa, Sri Lanka, and New Caledonia, with a negligible island effect compared with plants and animals. We also found that fungi are predominantly vulnerable to drought, heat and land-cover change, particularly in dry tropical regions with high human population density. Fungal conservation areas of highest priority include herbaceous wetlands, tropical forests, and woodlands. We stress that more attention should be focused on the conservation of fungi, especially root symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi in tropical regions as well as unicellular early-diverging groups and macrofungi in general. Given the low overlap between the endemicity of fungi and macroorganisms, but high conservation needs in both groups, detailed analyses on distribution and conservation requirements are warranted for other microorganisms and soil organisms