Ion-acoustic shocks with reflected ions: modeling and PIC simulations

Non-relativistic collisionless shock waves are widespread in space and astrophysical plasmas and are known as efficient particle accelerators. However, our understanding of collisionless shocks, including their structure and the mechanisms whereby they accelerate particles remains incomplete. We present here the results of numerical modeling of an ion-acoustic collisionless shock based on one-dimensional (1D) kinetic approximation both for electrons and ions with a real mass ratio. Special emphasis is made on the shock-reflected ions as the main driver of shock dissipation. The reflection efficiency, velocity distribution of reflected particles and the shock electrostatic structure are studied in terms of the shock parameters. Applications to particle acceleration in geophysical and astrophysical shocks are discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, International Workshop "Complex Plasma Phenomena in the Laboratory and in the Universe", January 19-20, 2015, Rome, Ital

Nonlinear Mirror and Weibel modes: peculiarities of quasi-linear dynamics

A theory for nonlinear evolution of the mirror modes near the instability threshold is developed. It is shown that during initial stage the major instability saturation is provided by the flattening of the velocity distribution function in the vicinity of small parallel ion velocities. The relaxation scenario in this case is accompanied by rapid attenuation of resonant particle interaction which is replaced by a weaker adiabatic interaction with mirror modes. The saturated plasma state can be considered as a magnetic counterpart to electrostatic BGK modes. After quasi-linear saturation a further nonlinear scenario is controlled by the mode coupling effects and nonlinear variation of the ion Larmor radius. Our analytical model is verified by relevant numerical simulations. Test particle and PIC simulations indeed show that it is a modification of distribution function at small parallel velocities that results in fading away of free energy driving the mirror mode. The similarity with resonant Weibel instability is discussed

Monoenergetic proton beams accelerated by a radiation pressure driven shock

High energy ion beams (> MeV) generated by intense laser pulses promise to be viable alternatives to conventional ion beam sources due to their unique properties such as high charge, low emittance, compactness and ease of beam delivery. Typically the acceleration is due to the rapid expansion of a laser heated solid foil, but this usually leads to ion beams with large energy spread. Until now, control of the energy spread has only been achieved at the expense of reduced charge and increased complexity. Radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) provides an alternative route to producing laser-driven monoenergetic ion beams. In this paper, we show the interaction of an intense infrared laser with a gaseous hydrogen target can produce proton spectra of small energy spread (~ 4%), and low background. The scaling of proton energy with the ratio of intensity over density (I/n) indicates that the acceleration is due to the shock generated by radiation-pressure driven hole-boring of the critical surface. These are the first high contrast mononenergetic beams that have been theorised from RPA, and makes them highly desirable for numerous ion beam applications

Energy transport in stochastically perturbed lattice dynamics

We consider lattice dynamics with a small stochastic perturbation of order ε and prove that for a space-time scale of order \varepsilon\^-1 the local spectral density (Wigner function) evolves according to a linear transport equation describing inelastic collisions. For an energy and momentum conserving chain the transport equation predicts a slow decay, as 1/\sqrt{t}, for the energy current correlation in equilibrium. This is in agreement with previous studies using a different method.Comment: Changed title and introductio

CERTAIN PECULIARITIES OF THE CLINICAL COURSE OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN CHILDREN’S EARLY AGE

Purpose: Research of certain peculiarities of the clinical course of atopic dermatitis in children’s early age.Materials and Methods: A total of 30 children in early age with the clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis were involved in the investigation.Results and Summary: It was found that сlinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis in early infancy is a predictor of severe disease.In the genesis of atopic authentic dermatitis endogenous factor is inherited predisposition.The violation of a hypoallergenic diet of nursing mothers is the main trigger and exacerbations predisposing factors of Atopic Dermatitis.  The severity of the disease correlate with the gastrointestinal tract lesions, which explains a comprehensive treatment of this pathology.Due to frequent exacerbations of the disease, children with moderate to severe forms of atopic dermatitis are not carried out an adequate vaccination in accordance with the National Immunization Calendar

Charged particle acceleration in nonuniform plasmas

The high-gradient electron acceleration schemes that have been demonstrated using LWFA appear promising for the development of plasma-based laser accelerators into practical devices. However, a question still exists: how to avoid the wake field deterioration and the loss of the phase synchronism between the plasma wave and the electrons that prevent them from being accelerated up to the theoretical limit. In order to obtain the highest possible values of the wake electric field one must use as intense laser pulses as possible i.e., pulses with dimensionless amplitudes a {much_gt} 1. Pulses that have a dimensionless amplitude larger than one tend to be subject to a host of instabilities, such as relativistic self-focusing, self modulation and stimulated Raman scattering, that affect their propagation in the plasma. Such processes could be beneficial, in so far as they increase the pulse energy density, enhance the wake field generation, and provide the mechanism for transporting the laser radiation over several Rayleigh lengths without diffraction spreading. However, it is still far from certain that these processes can be exploited in a controlled form and can lead to regular, stationary wake fields. It is known that, in order to create good quality wake fields, it would be preferable to use laser pulses with steep fronts of order {lambda}{sub p}. The present paper aims at analyzing the influence of the laser pulse shape and of the plasma nonuniformity on the charged particle acceleration. This study is based on the results obtained with one dimensional PIC simulations

A high current, high gradient, laser excited, pulsed electron gun

This paper describes a pulsed electron gun that can be used as an FEL, as an injector for electron linear accelerators or for rf power generation. It comprises a 1 to 5 MeV, 1 to 2 ns pulsed power supply feeding a single diode, photoexcited acceleration gap. Beam quality of a {approximately}1nC charge in {approximately}1 GV/m field was studied. Computations of the beam parameters as a function of electrode configuration and peak electron current are presented together with descriptions of the power supply, laser and beam diagnostics systems

THE INFLUENCE OF FACTORS PATHOGENICITY OF HELICOBACTECTER PYLORI CAGA, VACA, DUPA ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATROPHIC CHANGES IN THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE STOMACH IN DISEASES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN CHILDREN

Purpose: to identify the relationship between the development of atrophic changes of gastric mucosa and the presence of Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity factors in children with CGD. Materials and Methods: the study involved 96 children (8-14 years). All children were held esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy mucosa antrum, histological examination of biopsy samples, diagnose H. pylori, genotyping of H. pylori. Results: in the group with atrophic changes characterized by a significantly higher percentage of H. pylori-positive patients, I serotype of H. pylori (CagA + and VacA +) and prevailed subtype VacAm1 (χ2: p <0,005), and in patients without atrophic changes in the coolant significantly more often determined VacAm2. Availability dupA gene is associated with a lower chance of atrophy. Summary: the relationships between the formation of atrophic changes of gastric mucosa and the presence of vacA, cagA, dupA Helicobacter pylori in children with chronic gastroduodenitis