Director Ownership, Governance, and Performance

We study the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on the relationship between corporate governance and company performance. We consider 5 measures of corporate governance during the period 1998–2007. We find a significant negative relationship between board independence and operating performance during the pre-2002 period, but a positive and significant relationship during the post-2002 period. Our most important contribution is a proposal of a governance measure, namely, dollar ownership of the board members, that is simple, intuitive, less prone to measurement error, and not subject to the problem of weighting a multitude of governance provisions in constructing a governance index

Eisenhower's disarmament dilemma: from chance for peace to open skies proposal

President Eisenhower's image as a promoter of ‘peace and nuclear disarmament’ was established through speeches he made such as ‘Atoms for Peace’ (December 1953) and ‘Open Skies’ proposal (July 1955). However, Eisenhower's approach to the subject cannot be grasped without an understanding of his attitude towards the relationship between arms, war and disarmament. As he saw it, not only would the mere existence of nuclear weapons not trigger a war, they were actually the best guarantee against the eruption of a global conflagration. The real threat to world security was the repressive, closed, totalitarian and expansionist Soviet regime. War could be prevented only by a dramatic change in the competing ‐ and threatening ‐ ideology and social structure embedded in the Soviet system. Until then, the existence of nuclear weapons would ensure the free world's safety

Trends in Risk Factors and Symptoms Associated With SARS-CoV-2 and Rhinovirus Test Positivity in King County, Washington, June 2020 to July 2022

Funding for this study was provided by Gates Ventures. Mss Hansen, Boyle, Schwabe-Fry, Kuchta, and Rodrigues-Salas; Drs Perofsky, Prentice, and Starita; and Messrs Marshall, Reinhart, Capadonno, Pfau, Acker, McDermot, Stone, Gamboa, and Han received third-party support from Gates Ventures through Brotman Baty Institute during the conduct of the study. Drs Burstein and Famulare are employees of the Institute for Disease Modeling, a research group within, and solely funded by, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Drs Shendure and Bedford are supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.Peer reviewedPublisher PD