Decreasing of Ship Structure Mass by Active Counteraction to Bending Moment

Pre-stressed structure and its application for civil engineering. Specificity of external loads of ships. Corresponded specificity of controllable pre-stressing. An example of pre-stressed structure and an decreasing estimation of its mass (about 10% of the full displacement). Possibility of wider application

On Small-Size Motor Yachts with Round-Bilge Hulls

In this paper multi-hull small-sized motor yachts with rounded bilge hulls were examined as alternative options for enough high speed: catamarans without and with under-water foils, as well as outriggered boats without and with foils. Besides, a twin-hull motor yacht with decreased water-plane area was examined too. Restriction of speed, as a result of avoiding hard chine, was examined; necessary power and seakeeping levels of the examined yachts were estimated too. It has shown that the examined yachts are compatible (from the energy point of view) with today’s dominant planing monohulls for defi ned ranges of speed; the examined multi-hulls are better from the seakeeping point of view than the comparable monohulls

A comparison of homonym meaning frequency estimates derived from movie and television subtitles, free association, and explicit ratings

First Online: 10 September 2018Most words are ambiguous, with interpretation dependent on context. Advancing theories of ambiguity resolution is important for any general theory of language processing, and for resolving inconsistencies in observed ambiguity effects across experimental tasks. Focusing on homonyms (words such as bank with unrelated meanings EDGE OF A RIVER vs. FINANCIAL INSTITUTION), the present work advances theories and methods for estimating the relative frequency of their meanings, a factor that shapes observed ambiguity effects. We develop a new method for estimating meaning frequency based on the meaning of a homonym evoked in lines of movie and television subtitles according to human raters. We also replicate and extend a measure of meaning frequency derived from the classification of free associates. We evaluate the internal consistency of these measures, compare them to published estimates based on explicit ratings of each meaning’s frequency, and compare each set of norms in predicting performance in lexical and semantic decision mega-studies. All measures have high internal consistency and show agreement, but each is also associated with unique variance, which may be explained by integrating cognitive theories of memory with the demands of different experimental methodologies. To derive frequency estimates, we collected manual classifications of 533 homonyms over 50,000 lines of subtitles, and of 357 homonyms across over 5000 homonym–associate pairs. This database—publicly available at: www.blairarmstrong.net/homonymnorms/—constitutes a novel resource for computational cognitive modeling and computational linguistics, and we offer suggestions around good practices for its use in training and testing models on labeled data

Multi-Hulls: Some New Options as the Result of Science Development

The widespread development of multi-hull ships began in the second half of the twentieth century. Today, many hundreds of multi-hull ships of various designs are being built. This intensive development can be explained by the specifi c characteristics of multi-hull ships. A multi-hull ship can consist of various numbers of hulls and of hulls of various common or uncommon shapes and/or hulls with small water-plane areas (SWA ships). Any type of multi-hull ship differs from other multi-hulls and mono-hulls because of its own specifi c features, and its own advantages and disadvantages. The main characteristics of multi-hulls are examined briefl y here. Their larger deck area compared to that of mono-hull ships means that all multi-hulls are more economical for most types of “volume” cargoes, including passengers in cabins or saloons, cars and other wheeled vehicles, light containers, laboratories, weapons, aircraft and helicopters, and so on. Similarly, in comparison with corresponding mono-hulls, a suffi ciently greater, and simply achievable, transverse stability is the important reason for higher safety in multi-hulls. A larger permissible aspect ratio of these hulls also makes them more energy effi cient at higher speeds. The relatively large size of the hull connecting platform is the main reason for higher non-sinkability and higher safety. All multi-hull ships are generally more seaworthy than their mono-hull counterparts. The ships with small waterplane area (SWA) have the best performance characteristics regarding seakeeping. The strength specifi city of multi-hulls plays the leading role in determining transverse loads. Multi-hull ship specifi c features are the reason for possible wider application in order to improve the main characteristics of ships and/or for various other purposes. A general picture of multi-hulls, newly proposed by the author, is presented. Some examples of such options are given

Competition and competitiveness of an enterprise

Different approaches to the definition of "competition" and "competitiveness" are considered. Multiplicity of wording of the concept “competitiveness” is defined. The author's definition of this concept is proposed

Competition and competitiveness of an enterprise

Different approaches to the definition of "competition" and "competitiveness" are considered. Multiplicity of wording of the concept “competitiveness” is defined. The author's definition of this concept is proposed