625 research outputs found
Economic Dances for Two (and Three)
This thesis contributes to the following four topics in industrial organization:
i) competition in price and quality,
ii) targeted competition, when competitors can vary the degree of their competition with respect to each other,
iii) organizational choices in connection with product differentiation, and
iv) trade secrets and research joint ventures
Selective Competition
We consider a dynamic (differential) game with three players competing against each other. Each period each player can allocate his resources so as to direct his competition towards particular rivals -- we call such competition selective. The setting can be applied to a wide variety of cases: competition between firms, competition between political parties, warfare. We show that if the players are myopic, the weaker players eventually loose the game to their strongest rival. Vice versa, if the players value their future payoffs high enough, each player concentrates more on fighting his strongest opponent. Consequently, the weaker players grow stronger, the strongest player grows weaker and eventually all the players converge and remain in the game
Evaluation of the Lidar/Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC) to determine microphysical properties of volcanic and desert dust
Β© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 LicenseThe Lidar/Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC) combines the multiwavelength lidar technique with sun/sky photometry and allows us to retrieve vertical profiles of particle optical and microphysical properties separately for fine-mode and coarse-mode particles. After a brief presentation of the theoretical background, we evaluate the potential of LIRIC to retrieve the optical and microphysical properties of irregularly shaped dust particles. The method is applied to two very different aerosol scenarios: a strong Saharan dust outbreak towards central Europe and an EyjafjallajΓΆkull volcanic dust event. LIRIC profiles of particle mass concentrations for the coarse-mode as well as for the non-spherical particle fraction are compared with results for the non-spherical particle fraction as obtained with the polarization-lidar- based POLIPHON method. Similar comparisons for fine-mode and spherical particle fractions are presented also. Acceptable agreement between the different dust mass concentration profiles is obtained. LIRIC profiles of optical properties such as particle backscatter coefficient, lidar ratio, Γ
ngstrΓΆm exponent, and particle depolarization ratio are compared with direct Raman lidar observations. Systematic deviations between the LIRIC retrieval products and the Raman lidar measurements of the desert dust lidar ratio, depolarization ratio, and spectral dependencies of particle backscatter and lidar ratio point to the applied spheroidal-particle model as main source for these uncertainties in the LIRIC results.Peer reviewe
Molecular dynamics simulation of compression of single-layer graphene
The compression of a single-layer graphene sheet in the "zigzag" and "armchair" directions has been investigated using the molecular dynamics method. The distributions of the xy and yx stress components are calculated for atomic chains forming the graphene sheet. A graphene sheet stands significant compressive stresses in the "zigzag" direction and retains its integrity even at a strain of βΌ0.35. At the same time, the stresses which accompany the compressive deformation of single-layer graphene in the "armchair" direction are more than an order in magnitude lower than corresponding characteristics for the "zigzag" direction. A compressive strain of βΌ0.35 in the "armchair" direction fractures the graphene sheet into two parts. Β© 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd
Stationary rotation of the unbalanced rotor with the liquid autobalancing device under action of external friction forces
Influence of external friction forces on rotation of the rotor with the liquid autobalancing device is considered. The liquid in the balancing chamber at stationary movement rotates together with the rotor as solids. Analytical expressions for deflection of the shaft, unbalance of the system and the necessary rotating moment from the engine providing rotation with set speed are received
Oligopolistic Competition in Price and Quality
We consider an oligopolistic market where firms compete in price and quality and where consumers are heterogeneous in knowledge: some consumers know both the prices and quality of the products offered, some know only the prices and some know neither. We show that two types of signalling equilibria are possible. Both are characterised by dispersion and Pareto-inefficiency of the price/quality offers. But, better price/quality combinations are signalled with lower prices in one type and with higher prices in the other type
Stationary rotation stability of unbalanced rotor with autobalancing device with liquid on flexible shaft
The condition of rotor rotation stability with liquid autobalancing device consisting of chamber, float and incompressible homogeneous liquid filling the space between them has been obtained. The restoring force and forces of internal and external friction take effect on the rotor. The latter depend linearly respectively on strain rate and absolute velocity of rotor connection point to the shaf
ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ»ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°
Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈ Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Ρ ΡΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°. Π‘ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»ΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΊΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΡΠΌΡΡ Ρ Π₯ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΠ΅Ρ.The study of political processes proves the importance between political elites. The overcoming of crisis in Ukraine requires study of western experience in creation of stable democratic system. Tradition of pluralism approach studying elites today. The brightest representative of the critical approach in a modern American political idea is Christopher Lasch.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°. Π‘Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΡΡ
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