Residents’ interest to form a “green” territory brand

The main aim of this article is to examine the residents’ interest of a region to form a territorial “green” brand. It refers to the region of Rostov where there is a continuous attempt to develop the territory based on sustainable green initiatives. The article reveals if the residents are aware on the authorities’ efforts and how the population supports the initiatives as well as how active the residents are to develop the territory. The results of this research allow to forecast the success of the “green” brand formation with certain correction of the priorities concerning the informational and communication work to explain the significance of the given process to the residents and possibly the improvement of the population’s standard of living.peer-reviewe

Impact of sex on the adaptation of adult mice to long consumption of sweet-fat diet

In rodents, the most adequate model of human diet-induced obesity is obesity caused by the consumption of a sweet-fat diet (SFD), which causes more pronounced adiposity in females than in males. The aim of this work was to determine the sex-associated effect of SFD on the expression of genes related to carbohydrate-lipid metabolism in adult mice. For 10 weeks, male and female С57Bl mice were fed a standard laboratory chow (Control group) or a diet, which consisted of laboratory chow supplemented with sweet cookies, sunflower seeds and lard (SFD group). Weights of body, liver and fat depots, blood concentrations of hormones and metabolites, liver fat, and mRNA levels of genes involved in regulation of energy metabolism in the liver, perigonadal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (pgWAT, scWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were measured. SFD increased body weight and insulin resistance in mice of both sexes. Female mice that consumed SFD (SFD females) had a greater increase in adiposity than SFD males. SFD females showed a decreased expression of genes related to lipogenesis (Lpl) and glucose metabolism (G6pc, Pklr) in liver, as well as lipogenesis (Lpl, Slca4) and lipolysis (Lipe) in pgWAT, suggesting reduced energy expenditure. In contrast, SFD males showed increased lean mass gain, plasma insulin and FGF21 levels, expressions of Cpt1α gene in pgWAT and scWAT and Pklr gene in liver, suggesting enhanced lipid and glucose oxidation in these organs. Thus, in mice, there are sex-dependent differences in adaptation to SFD at the transcriptional level, which can help to explain higher adiposity in females under SFD consumtion

Risks of shift workers in professional activity in Far North

Climatic, geographical, industrial and welfare factors make on the body of shift worker claims exceeding its reserves, which excludes the possibility of complete adaptation to these conditions and leads to the existence of occupational health hazards. In extreme conditions, shift work in the Far North would be assessed not only occupational risks, but also the risks to the health and psychological risks. Assessment of the risks to health workers suggests a wide range of criteria and indicators, which improves the timely development and implementation of preventive measures. Psychological assessment of risks in a professional activity would develop technology and conduct management activities, as moral hazard and risks to health

Estradiol-dependent and independent effects of FGF21 in obese female mice

The f ibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) synthesized in the liver, acting as a hormone, increases insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure. FGF21 administration has potent benef icial effects on obesity and diabetes in humans, cynomolgus monkey, and rodents. The therapeutic effects of FGF21 have been studied mainly in males. They are not always manifested in females, and they are accompanied by sex-specif ic activation of gene expression in tissues. We have suggested that one of the causes of sexual dimorphism in response to FGF21 is the effect of estradiol (E2). Currently, it is not known how estradiol modif ies the pharmacological effects of FGF21. The objective of this study was to study the inf luence of FGF21 on metabolic characteristics, food intake, and the expression of carbohydrate and fat metabolism genes in the liver, adipose tissue, and hypothalamus in female mice with alimentary obesity and low (ovariectomy) or high (ovariectomy + E2) blood estradiol level. In ovariectomized (OVX) females, the development of obesity was induced by the consumption of a high sweet-fat diet (standard chow, lard, and cookies) for 8 weeks. We investigated the effects of FGF21 on body weight, blood levels, food preferences and gene expression in tissues when FGF21 was administered separately or in combination with E2 for 13 days. In OVX obese females, FGF21, regardless of E2-treatment, did not affect body weight, and adipose tissue weight, or glucose tolerance but increased the consumption of standard chow, reduced blood glucose levels, and suppressed its own expression in the liver (Fgf21), as well as the expression of the G6pc and Acacα genes. This study is the f irst to show the modif ication of FGF21 effects by estradiol: inhibition of FGF21-inf luence on the expression of Irs2 and Pklr in the liver and potentiation of the FGF21-stimulated expression of Lepr and Klb in the hypothalamus. In addition, when administered together with estradiol, FGF21 exerted an inhibitory effect on the expression of Cpt1α in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT), whereas no stimulating FGF21 effects on the expression of Insr and Acacβ in scWAT or inhibitory FGF21 effect on the plasma insulin level were observed. The results suggest that the absence of FGF21 effects on body and adipose tissue weights in OVX obese females and its benef icial effect on food intake and blood glucose levels are not associated with the action of estradiol. However, estradiol affects the transcriptional effects of FGF21 in the liver, white adipose tissue, and hypothalamus, which may underlie sex differences in the FGF21 effect on the expression of metabolic genes and, possibly, in pharmacological FGF21 effects

Control of primary productivity and the significance of photosynthetic bacteria in a meromictic kettle lake.

During 1986 planktonic primary production and controlling factors were investigated in a small (A0 = 11.8 · 103 m2, Zmax = 11.5 m) meromictic kettle lake (Mittlerer Buchensee). Annual phytoplankton productivity was estimated to ca 120 gC · m–2 · a–1 (1,42 tC · lake–1 · a–1). The marked thermal stratification of the lake led to irregular vertical distributions of chlorophylla concentrations (Chla) and, to a minor extent, of photosynthesis (Az). Between the depths of 0 to 6 m low Chla concentrations (< 7 mg · m–3) and comparatively high background light attenuation (kw = 0,525 m–1, 77% of total attenuation due to gelbstoff and abioseston) was found. As a consequence, light absorption by algae was low (mean value 17,4%) and self-shading was absent. Because of the small seasonal variation of Chla concentrations, no significant correlation between Chla and areal photosynthesis (A) was observed. Only in early summer (June–July) biomass appears to influence the vertical distribution of photosynthesis on a bigger scale. Around 8 m depth, low-light adapted algae and phototrophic bacteria formed dense layers. Due to low ambient irradiances, the contribution of these organisms to total primary productivity was small. Primary production and incident irradiance were significantly correlated with each other (r2 = 0.68). Although the maximum assimilation number (Popt) showed a clear dependence upon water temperature (Q10 = 2.31), the latter was of minor importance to areal photosynthesis

Prevalence of hypoglycemic conditions in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in real clinical practice

BACKGROUND. Hypoglycemia and fear of hypoglycemia remain critical problems in the treatment of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and are factors limiting proper control of glycemia and preventing the achievement of metabolic compensation of the disease. The use of pump insulin therapy involves the prevention of hypoglycemic conditions.AIM. To analyze the frequency and duration of hypoglycemia episodes, their effect on the metabolic compensation of the disease in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) in real clinical practice, depending on the mode/method of insulin administration.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study involved 117 adolescents with DM1 aged 12 to 19 years (average age 15.5 years). 37 adolescents received therapy by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII); 80 adolescents received therapy by multiple insulin injections (MII). The level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was determined for all adolescents, and its main indicators were evaluated using a 6 days continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) by the «blind» method of a professional system with an iPro 2 sensor (Medtronic MiniMed, USA).RESULTS. Episodes of a decrease in glucose levels &lt;3,9 mmol/l were recorded in 87% of patients (n=102), 63% (n=74) showed a decrease in glucose levels &lt;3,0 mmol/l. Episodes decrease in glucose levels &lt;3,9 mmol/l at night were recorded in 68% of patients (n=80), and with glucose levels &lt;3,9 mmol/l in 46% (n=54). The frequency of episodes of glucose lowering &lt;3,9 mmol/l had no statistically significant differences depending on the methods of insulin administration (by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple insulin injections), however, they are more common in adolescents with HbA1c &lt;7,0% (p=0,03). The median time spent by patients in the range of &lt;3,9 mmol/l was 5% per day, and a longer time in this range was observed in patients with HbA1c &lt;7,0% (p=0,006). The median time in the range of &lt;3,0 mmol/l was 1% per day and had no significant differences depending on the level of HbA1c (p=0,559). There were also no significant differences depending on the groups using CSII and MII (p=0,640 and p=0,250).CONCLUSION. Episodes of glucose reduction in the range of &lt;3,9 mmol/l according to CGM data are more common in adolescents with HbA1c target values, regardless of the method of insulin administration. Significantly more time in range of &lt;3,9 mmol/l is spent by adolescents with target values of HbA1c i.е. &lt;7,0% compared with HbA1c ≥7,0%, however, in both groups, a large number of patients had time in the range below the target level was higher than recommended values

Soil catena complex of the river Dnipro Arena within the “Dnieper-Orilskyy” natural reserve

Abstract. Investigated polygon laid in the northeastern part of the “Dnieper-Orilskyy” natural reserve. Five test plots were laid within polygon. The most common moisture conditions within the explored catena meet meadow steppe regime. For most studied soil moistening the soil plays an essential role in the water regime. Groundwater was at a depth that exceeds the depth of the cut in chornozem-like pine-forest soil and in a sod-forest chornozem-like soil. In other soils, the water level was 155 cm in sod-forest chornozem-like soil, 98 cm in alluvial meadow soil and 83 cm or 135 cm in alluvial meadow marsh soils. The conditions of the salt regime can be attributed to the soils of the studied catena categorized as poor soils. The chornozem-like pine-forest soil has a wide range of variability salt regime, while the alluvial meadow marsh soil has a wide range of variability humidity conditions. The most favorable conditions for plants of the mesotrophic group formed in the meadow alluvial soil and in sod-forest chornozem-like soils and for semioligotrophic – in sod-forest chornozem-like gleic soil. Forest ecosystems within catena are characterized by similarity of water regime conditions. Sandy steppe ecotopes in the catena are characterized by the highest volatility of the moisture conditions. The most common acid regime within catena can be considered as characteristic for weak-acid soil / neutral soils. The acarbonatophiles are the most typical for catena studied. Plants of this ecological group are living in neutral ecotopes and kept the minor content of carbonates in the soil. The alluvial meadow marsh soil is characterized by smallest carbonates level, and the alluvial meadow solohchak soil is characterized by the largest carbonates level. In the chornozem-like pine-forest soil the effervescence from HCl treatment war not revealed. The depth of efferves-cence of processing 10% solution of HCl is 64 cm in sod-forest chornozem-like soil, 31 cm in alluvial meadow soil, 18 cm in alluvial meadow marsh soil or from the surface. The sod- forest chornozem-like soil boils on the surface. Sod-forest soil chornozem-like boils from the depth of 127 cm. The content of digestible forms of nitrogen is an important aspect of the edaphotope trophicity. Within catena the most typical is an ecotope where conditions are favorable for ni- trophiles. The lowest level of nitrogen nutrition set was found in sandy steppe (chornozem-like pine-forest soil), and the highest ‒ in the forest ecosystems (sod-forest chornozem-like soils). The subaerophiles are the most typical for catena studied. The marsh biogeocoenosis are characterized by significantly aggravated conditions of aeration. It generated conditions conducive to subaerophobes-aerophobes. Keywords: catena, arena, soil profile, nature protection, diversity, morphology

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ SMART-СТРАТЕГІЇ В РОЗВИТКУ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ

The main principles and prospects for using the new education strategy, which was named by SMART, are considered. It is shown that the most important principle of medical postgraduate SMART-education is to ensure its competence-oriented orientation, that is, constant updating of the content of training. It is emphasized that the solutions to the problems of SMART education are related to two areas: the recognition of the need to combine formal and informal learning and the intellectualization of knowledge transfer processes.Рассмотрены основные принципы и перспективы использования новой стратегии образования, которая получила название SMART. Показано, что важнейшим принципом медицинского последипломного SMART-образования является обеспечение его компетентностной ориентированности, то есть постоянное обновление содержания обучения. Подчеркивается, что решение проблем SMART-образования связано с двумя направлениями: признанием необходимости объединения формального и информального обучения и интеллектуализацией процессов передачи знаний.Розглянуто основні принципи та перспективи використання нової стратегії освіти, що здобула назву SMART. Показано, що найважливішим принципом медичної післядипломної SMART-освіти є забезпечення її компетентнісної орієнтованості, тобто постійного оновлення змісту навчання. Підкреслюється, що рішення проблем SMART-освіти пов'язано з двома напрямами: визнанням необхідності об'єднання формального й інформального навчання та інтелектуалізацією процесів передавання знань