Challenge Token Based Security for Hybrid Clouds

Cloud has now become the essential part of the web technology and fast growth of cloud computing technique making it worth for the companies to invest in cloud. Growth of number of clouds is requiring inter cloud communication as concept of multi cloud or hybrid cloud is also spreading quickly. With this fast growth, more and more challenges are arising in the field of cloud computing. Various researchers are focusing on cloud oriented challenges and lots of research works are going on in this field. With emergence of cloud computing, the term "Hybrid Topology" or "Hybrid Deployment" is becoming more and more common. A "Hybrid Cloud" is group of clouds you join different cloud deployments into one connected cluster. Another area of research is to focus on communication between a cloud and non cloud computing system. Hybrid Cloud computing mainly deals with working of data centers where different software are installed with huge of growing data to provide information to the users of the system. The techniques which can be used in hybrid cloud securities can be built around the encryption and decryption of data, key based security algorithms which are mainly oriented on authentication and authorization techniques as in wired and wireless networks. One such mechanism is to share the challenge text between the clouds before actual communication should start for authentication. The various works done in this area till date are oriented on other techniques of security between the two or more clouds in a hybrid cloud

E-Learning Improved Architecture for Clouds

E-Learning is spreading around the world with leaps and bounds with the growth of Internet. People are keen to get high skilled knowledge from the knowledge pros in the industry and a very new concept of cloud computing is also not unaffected with E-learning. With the intense penetration of the Internet in the life of mankind and fast acceptance of the cloud computing is making researchers to design the various architectures for the cloud applications in generalized manner and specific to the applications. E-learning facilitates the students, teachers, universities and educational service providers to get the services with all ease and 24x7 bases. In cloud computing we mean by a Cloud as a type of parallel and distributed system over the network and virtual machines which are managed for load balancing with high provision for security, and its services are offered to the customers using SLA (Service Level Agreement). Whereas, Cloud Computing includes both applications and hardwar

A cross sectional study to measure prevalence of DVT in subacute and chronic spinal cord injury patients without any chemical prophylaxis

Background: Prevalence of DVT in patients with sub-acute and chronic SCI has only been reported in a limited number of studies. Knowing the incidence of thromboembolic events in the sub-acute and chronic rehabilitation phase is important to estimate disease risk and facilitate evidence based prevention. We sought to determine the prevalence of DVT in patients of subacute and chronic phases post spinal cord injury without any chemical prophylaxis.Methods: Between June 2016 and April 2018, all cases of sub-acute and chronic spinal cord injury, undergoing rehabilitation at our centre were studied. Patients with pre-existing coagulopathy/hypercoagulable state/ bleeding diathesis or on medications for these conditions, tobacco smokers, chronic alcoholics and obese individuals were excluded from the study. All patients enrolled in the study were given mechanical DVT prophylaxis and followed institutional rehabilitation protocol. They were evaluated at 3 months, 6 months and 9 months by clinical examination and CDFI for any evidence of DVT.Results: Out of 60 patients studied, 04 patients developed DVT (3 in ASIA grade A and 1 in ASIA grade B patient). 75% (3 cases) of the cases were detected in the first 3 months and only one case was detected between 3-6 moths post Spinal cord injury. The prevalence of DVT in our study, in subacute and chronic cases of spinal cord injury was 6.67%.Conclusions: Our study is in concurrence with the existing literature about the low prevalence of DVT in Southeast Asian population which doesn’t warrant DVT chemoprophylaxis in subacute and chronic SCI cases

Acute electrocardiographic changes during smoking: An observational study

Objective To study the temporal relationship of smoking with electrophysiological changes. Design Prospective observational study. Setting Tertiary cardiac center. Participants Male smokers with atypical chest pain were screened with a treadmill exercise test (TMT). A total of 31 such patients aged 49.8±10.5 years, in whom TMT was either negative or mildly positive were included. Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters of smokers were compared to those of 15 healthy non-smoking participants. Interventions All patients underwent a 24 h Holter monitoring to assess ECG changes during smoking periods. Results Heart rate increased acutely during smoking. Mean heart rate increased from 83.8±13.7 bpm 10 min before smoking, to 90.5±16.4 bpm during smoking, (p <0.0001) and returned to baseline after 30 min. Smoking was also associated with increased ectopic beats (mean of 5.3/h prior to smoking to 9.8/h during smoking to 11.3/h during the hour after smoking; p <0.001). Three patients (9.7%) had significant ST–T changes after smoking. HRV index significantly decreased in smokers (15.2±5.3) as compared to non-smoking controls participants (19.4±3.6; p=0.02), but the other spectral HRV parameters were comparable. Conclusions Heart rate and ectopic beats increase acutely following smoking. Ischaemic ST–T changes were also detected during smoking. Spectral parameters of HRV analysis of smokers remained in normal limits, but more importantly geometrical parameter—HRV index—showed significant abnormality

Investigation on fracture processes of concrete

Series of geometrically similar concrete beam of small, medium and large beam sizes has been tested under the action of monotonic and fatigue loading. Digital image correlation technique has been utilized to understand the fracture processes and crack growth behavior in concrete. The tip of effective crack in concrete beams under static and fatigue loading has been calculated through DIC analysis. Further, existence of size effect has been observed when the results of geometrically similar concrete beams were compared

Investigation on fracture process of concrete

A series of geometrically similar concrete beams of small, medium and large beam sizes has been tested under the action of monotonic and fatigue loading. Digital image correlation technique has been utilized to understand the fracture processes and crack growth behavior in concrete. The tip of effective crack in concrete beams under static and fatigue loading has been calculated through DIC analysis. Further, existence of size effect has been observed when the results of geometrically similar concrete beams were compared

Outerbridge classification as a predictor for the need of patellar resurfacement in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective study

Background: Residual anterior knee pain after total knee arthroplasty is one of the common causes of early revision surgery in form of patellar resurfacing and even resurfacing the patella in these circumstances may not relieve the symptoms. So, the decision to perform patellar resurfacing during total knee arthroplasty to prevent anterior knee pain remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to determine if the outerbridge classification can predict the need for Patellar resurfacing as part of total knee arthroplasty.Methods: 100 patients with advanced osteoarthritis of knee fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomized into two groups of 50 patients each. In group A-patellar resurfacing done and in group B-patella was not resurfaced while carrying out TKR. Each patient was assessed intraoperatively and his/her patella classified as per Outerbridge classification. Patients were followed-up at 03, 06 and 12 months postoperatively and assessed by modified hospital for special surgery (HSS) knee scores.Results: In case of Outerbridge class III group there is a statistically significant difference (p value -0.002) in HSS score at 03 months, which becomes highly significant at 06 months (p value -0.001) and 01 year (p value <0.001). Similarly, there is statistically significant difference in HSS score (p value- 0.001) in Outerbridge class IV group at 03 months, 06 months and 01 year.Conclusions: Patellar resurfacing in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty with patella in Outerbridge class III and IV can be safely carried out to further improve the functional outcome. There is no distinct advantage of resurfacing patella in Outerbridge class I and II in terms of functional gain. Thus, Outerbridge classification for patella can effectively guide us whether to resurface patella or not in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.