Cortes basais e substratos na formação de mudas clonais de cafeeiro canéfora

This study aimed to evaluate substrates and types of basal cuts on stakes for the production of coffee clonal seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. The cuttings were obtained from the middle portion of standardized orthotropic branches. The experiment was a factorial 2x7 with two types of cuttings (basal cut straight and bevel) and seven substrates: soil, commercial, coffee straw, wood shavings (processed wood waste), commercial + coffee straw (v: v) , commercial + shavings (v: v), straw coffee + wood shavings (v: v). It was verified that the commercial substrate Vivato Slim when using or not coffee straw, and the basal rectilinear cutting in Coffea canephora stakes have better results for the production of clonal seedlings under the conditions investigated in this work.Objetivou-se avaliar substratos e tipos de cortes nas estacas para produção de mudas clonais de cafeeiro canéfora. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação. As estacas foram obtidas a partir da porção média de ramos ortotrópicos padronizados. O experimento foi em esquema fatorial 2x7 com dois tipos de cortes nas estacas (corte basal retilíneo e em bisel) e sete substratos: solo, comercial, palha de café, maravalha (resíduo de madeira processada), comercial+palha de café (v:v), comercial+maravalha (v:v) e maravalha+palha de café (v:v). Verificou-se que o substrato comercial Vivato Slim quando acrescido ou não de palha de café, bem como o corte basal retilíneo em estacas de Coffea canephora apresentam melhores resultados para produção de mudas clonais nas condições estudadas no presente trabalho

Biometric traits as a tool for the identification and breeding of coffea canephora genotypes

grants n. 84320893 grants n. 420789/2016-2 n. 304687/2017-0 E-26/202.323/2017 UID/04129/2020 UIDP/04035/2020Cross-pollination and gametophytic self-incompatibility reduce the stability of Coffea canephora genotypes. This is an important crop for Brazil, the largest producer of this type of coffee and also a major exporter. The study of biometric characteristics is essential to assist in the selection of promising plant materials. We examined the diversity of morpho-agronomic traits of genotypes of C. canephora cv. Conilon through the evaluation of branch and leaf parameters. Assessments included plagiotropic branch length, number of nodes in plagiotropic branches, distance between nodes in plagiotropic branches, orthotropic branch length, number of nodes in orthotropic branch, distance between nodes in orthotropic branch, plant height, canopy diameter, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area in two periods. The data from the 43 coffee genotypes were tested by multivariate and cluster analyses. Six groups were formed by the Tocher optimization method, and five groups by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) hierarchical method, suggesting an important genetic variability among plant materials. Both Tocher optimization and UPGMA hierarchical methods were consistent for clustering the genotypes, ordering them in six and five dissimilar groups, respectively, with genotypes 25 and 37 standing out with the greatest dissimilarity, constituting isolated groups by both methods. Pearson’s correlation ranged from very weak to very strong, positive and negative, among the characteristics, as also shown by principal component analyses. These analyses indicated the morpho-agronomic traits with a greater degree of correlation, assisting in the choice of promising plant materials. The genetic parameters estimates demonstrate genetic variability and thus breeding potential within the Conilon coffee genotypes studied. These results emphasize the usefulness of biometric evaluations as a tool for the identification and breeding of genotypes to compose new Conilon coffee cultivars.publishersversionpublishe

Matéria seca em frutos, folhas e ramos plagiotrópicos de cafeeiros cultivados na Amazônia Ocidental

Different factors may influence the accumulation of dry matter in the coffee, as the nutritional management and the phenological stage of the plant. This study aimed to assess the number of fruits and the dry matter content in fruits, leaves and reproductive branches of Coffea canephora, fertilized and unfertilized conditions in the Western Amazon. The experiment was conducted in clonal tillage with randomized complete blocks in time a split plot arrangement. The main plots were constituted of two managements of fertilizer and subplots accommodated the evaluation times. Collections of branches were made from the developmental stage of very small berries to maturity. The number of fruits per branch, total dry matter of fruits per branch, dry matter per fruit, leaves dry matter and dry matter plagiotrophycal were evaluated. In the experimental conditions mineral fertilization did not differ from the number of fruits and dry matter content of organs. The dry matter accumulation curve in the fruit adjusted to sigmoidal model and there was an evident increase from the 56th day of flowering, after the significant drop phase very small berries. In reproductive branches was linear increase in dry matter content during the reproductive phase, unlike the leaves, in which there was a decrease of dry matter.Diversos fatores podem influenciar no acúmulo de matéria seca no cafeeiro, como o manejo nutricional e a fase fenológica da planta. Objetivou-se avaliar o número de frutos e o teor de matéria seca em frutos, folhas e ramos plagiotrópicos de Coffea canephora, adubado e não adubado nas condições da Amazônia Ocidental. O experimento foi conduzido em lavoura clonal, com delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo. As parcelas principais foram constituídas por dois manejos de adubação e as subparcelas acomodaram as épocas de avaliação. Foram feitas coletas de ramos produtivos desde o estádio fenológico do fruto chumbinho até a maturação. Avaliou-se o número de frutos por ramo, matéria seca total de frutos por ramo, matéria seca por fruto, matéria seca de folhas e a matéria seca de ramo plagiotrópico. Para as condições avaliadas a adubação mineral não diferiu o número de frutos e teor de matéria seca dos órgãos. A curva de acúmulo de matéria seca no fruto ajustou-se ao modelo sigmoidal e houve acréscimo evidente a partir do 56º dia da floração, posterior à fase de queda significativa de frutos chumbinho. Nos ramos plagiotrópicos também ocorreu aumento linear no teor de matéria seca durante a fase reprodutiva, ao contrário das folhas, que se averiguou decréscimo de matéria seca

Mitigation of the Negative Impact of Warming on the Coffee Crop: The Role of Increased Air [CO2] and Management Strategies

Crop sustainability can be threatened by new environmental challenges regarding predicted climate changes and global warming. Therefore, the study of real biological impacts of future environmental conditions (e.g., increased air [CO2], supra-optimal temperature and water scarcity) on crop plants, as well as the re-evaluation of management procedures and strategies, must be undertaken in order to improve crop adaptation and promote mitigation of negative environmental impacts, thus affording crop resilience. Coffee is a tropical crop that is grown in more than 80 countries, making it one of the world’s most traded agricultural products, while involving millions of people worldwide in the whole chain of value. It has been argued that this crop will be highly affected by climate changes, resulting in decreases in both suitable areas for cultivation and productivity, as well as impaired beverage quality in the near future. Here, we report recent findings regarding coffee species exposure to combined supra-optimal air temperatures and enhanced air [CO2], and impacts of drought stress on the crop. Ultimately, we discuss key strategies to improve coffee performance in the context of new environmental scenarios. The recent findings clearly show that high [CO2] has a positive impact on coffee plants, increasing their tolerance to high temperatures. This has been related to a better plant vigor, to the triggering of protective mechanisms, and to a higher functional status of the photosynthetic machinery. Even so, coffee plant is expected to suffer from water scarcity in a changing world. Therefore, discussion is focused on some important management strategies (e.g., shade systems, crop management and soil covering and terracing), which can be implemented to improve coffee performance and sustain coffee production in a continually changing environment

Gráfico 1. Flutuação populacional de cigarras-do-cafeeiro no município de Alta Floresta D'Oeste e Rolim de moura, RO, em cultura comercial de C. canephora. in Parâmetros Ecológicos Das Espécies De Cigarras Do Cafeeiro Coletadas Com Armadilhas Luminosas Na Região Da Zona Da Mata De Rondônia

Gráfico 1. Flutuação populacional de cigarras-do-cafeeiro no município de Alta Floresta D'Oeste e Rolim de moura, RO, em cultura comercial de C. canephora.Published as part of <i>Dubberstein, Danielly, Schmidt, Raquel, Alves, Erilene Romeiro, Pereira, Francisco Fernandes, Almeida, Abimar Oliveira de & Moreira, Riziely, 2013, Parâmetros Ecológicos Das Espécies De Cigarras Do Cafeeiro Coletadas Com Armadilhas Luminosas Na Região Da Zona Da Mata De Rondônia, pp. 1-6 in </i> on page 28, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10061440">10.5281/zenodo.10061440</a&gt

Grafico 4 in Parâmetros Ecológicos Das Espécies De Cigarras Do Cafeeiro Coletadas Com Armadilhas Luminosas Na Região Da Zona Da Mata De Rondônia

Grafico 4. Número e frequência de espécies de cigarras coletadas em Rolim de Moura, RO no periodo de agosto/2010 a julho/11.Published as part of <i>Dubberstein, Danielly, Schmidt, Raquel, Alves, Erilene Romeiro, Pereira, Francisco Fernandes, Almeida, Abimar Oliveira de & Moreira, Riziely, 2013, Parâmetros Ecológicos Das Espécies De Cigarras Do Cafeeiro Coletadas Com Armadilhas Luminosas Na Região Da Zona Da Mata De Rondônia, pp. 1-6 in </i> on page 28, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10061440">10.5281/zenodo.10061440</a&gt

Grafico 3 in Parâmetros Ecológicos Das Espécies De Cigarras Do Cafeeiro Coletadas Com Armadilhas Luminosas Na Região Da Zona Da Mata De Rondônia

Grafico 3. Número e frequência de espécies de cigarras coletadas em Alta floresta D'Oeste, RO no periodo de agosto/2010 a julho/11.Published as part of <i>Dubberstein, Danielly, Schmidt, Raquel, Alves, Erilene Romeiro, Pereira, Francisco Fernandes, Almeida, Abimar Oliveira de & Moreira, Riziely, 2013, Parâmetros Ecológicos Das Espécies De Cigarras Do Cafeeiro Coletadas Com Armadilhas Luminosas Na Região Da Zona Da Mata De Rondônia, pp. 1-6 in </i> on page 28, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10061440">10.5281/zenodo.10061440</a&gt

Genetic Diversity Based on Nutrient Concentrations in Different Organs of Robusta Coffee

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient concentrations in the flowers, leaves (pre-flowering and grain-filling period), grains, and husks of Robusta coffee genotypes cultivated in the Amazon region, as well as to identify their genetic diversity. This experiment was carried out in Alta Floresta D’Oeste, Rondônia, Brazil, in randomized blocks with three replications; for the leaves, a factorial experimental design of sampling periods was included. The nutrient concentrations of the different evaluated organs were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test (p < 0.01), and the genetic parameters were estimated. To determine the genetic diversity, the genotypes were grouped by the UPGMA hierarchical method, and to predict it the relative importance of traits was analyzed. Genetic divergence among Coffea canephora genotypes was indicated by the leaf nutrient concentrations. At a maximum dissimilarity threshold of 82% for the genotypes, the UPGMA method formed six groups. Concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the leaf sampling periods of pre-flowering and grain filling were not influenced by genotypes. The leaf and flower iron (Fe) concentrations contributed most to genetic divergence. For a nutritional diagnosis of Robusta coffee, it is important to take into account the comparisons of genetic diversity as well as the nutritional requirements during the flowering and grain-filling periods

Diversity of Leaf Stomatal Traits among Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner Genotypes

Leaf morpho-anatomical characteristics directly reflect photosynthetic performance and the ability to adapt to different environmental conditions. The study of biometric traits is essential for the selection of promising plant materials for breeding purposes. To identify new varieties of coffee plants with desirable traits for genetic improvement programs, this study investigated the variability of leaf morpho-anatomical traits in 43 genotypes of Coffea canephora (as the species under study is hypostomatous). Seven leaf characteristics were used: epidermal cell density (ECD), stomatal length (SL), stomatal width (SW), stomatal density (SD), stomatal size (SS), stomatal index (SI), and stomatal length/width. Morphological traits (plant height, internodal distance, and leaf area) and grain production were also assessed. The data analyzed multivariate analysis of variance grouped by the unweighted pair group the arithmetic mean hierarchical method, and data were also subjected to a Pearson linear correlation and principal component analyses (PCAs). The results showed wide morphological variability reflecting six morphological groups, which is relevant for the genetic divergence analysis and for breeding purposes, as the results have the potential to identify superior genotypes. Within the groups, genotypes were mainly separated by the number of epidermal cells and the number and size of the stomata, reflecting a high genetic heterogeneity within genotypes. Positive and negative correlations were found, with levels of significance ranging from weak to strong among the analyzed traits. The highest correlation levels were found for SL × SS, SW × SS, and SI × SD. In addition, the PCA indicated that plant height, distance between nodes, and leaf area were positively correlated and associated. The greater the number and width of stomata, the higher the rate of gas exchange. Both characteristics are favorable for the development and production of coffee plants, explaining the positive correlation observed in this study. These results emphasize the usefulness of trait evaluations for the identification and breeding of genotypes to compose new C. canephora cultivars suitable for changing environments