Cambios Psicológicos en pacientes adultos con Obesidad Mórbida después la Cirugía Bariátrica

Describir los cambios psicológicos que tienen las personas durante el proceso de cirugía bariátrica en población con obesidad mórbida.La presente monografía se realizó con la intención de analizar los efectos que la Cirugía Bariátrica, tuvo en los pacientes. Por lo cual se realizó una revisión de literatura de una muestra de 50 artículos en bases de datos, como por ejemplo Dialnet, psicodoc, scielo, Redalyc Med, PsycINFO y psicothema, Pubmed, revistas indexadas de nutrición, psicología y medicina repositorios de universidades nacionales e internacionales. Los resultados mostraron que el 90 % de los artículos se hace énfasis en que a nivel físico la obesidad está ligada a falencias emocionales que causan conductas desadaptativas de ingesta descontrolada de alimentos, asociadas a hábitos alimenticios inadecuados, a la falta de actividad física y la alteración constante de la alimentación por dietas extremas son las que fomentan aún más el aumento de peso corporal, y en lo que respecta a los cambios posteriores a la cirugía bariátrica es necesario destacar que el ámbito más afectado o con mayor cambio es el emocional, porque implica no sólo cambios físicos, de hábitos, de costumbres alimenticias y de estilos de vida, sino también la transformación de la propia imagen y la aceptación de la misma como propia, sin dejar que las percepciones negativas del entorno o propias interfieran, asumiendo nuevas formas de verse relacionarse y vivir su cotidianidad. Lo que hace que modelo de intervención más efectivo es el cognitivo conductual, pues es él que da un abordaje más integral.This monograph was made with the intention of analyzing the effects that Bariatric Surgery had on patients. Therefore, a literature review of a sample of 50 articles was carried out in databases, such as Dialnet, psicodoc, scielo, Redalyc Med, PsycINFO and psicothema, Pubmed, indexed journals of nutrition, psychology and medicine repositories of national universities. and international. The results showed that 90% of the articles emphasize that at the physical level obesity is linked to emotional shortcomings that cause maladaptive behaviors of uncontrolled food intake, associated with inadequate eating habits, lack of physical activity and alteration The constants of eating due to extreme diets are those that promote even more body weight gain, and with regard to changes after bariatric surgery, it is necessary to highlight that the most affected area or with the greatest change is the emotional one, because it implies not only physical changes and changes in eating habits and customs and lifestyles, but also the transformation of one's own image and the acceptance of it as one's own, without letting negative perceptions of the environment or one's own interfere, assuming new ways of seeing oneself interact and live their daily lives. What makes the intervention model more effective is the cognitive behavioral one, since it is the one that gives a more comprehensive approach

Molecular Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a disease that is difficult to manage and is associated with a significantly high morbidity and mortality, caused by different species of the genus Aspergillus, and closely related to immunocompromised patients; thus, it is important to understand the distribution and molecular epidemiology of the species causing this disease. Even though Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto is the most common species that cause IA, in recent years, there has been an increase in the number of species in the different sections which makes the diagnosis of this invasive fungal disease a great challenge. Conventional tests for the diagnosis of IA present limitations in sensitivity and specificity, while molecular tests have the potential to improve diagnosis by offering a more sensitive and rapid identification, but they are not yet standardized for reliable use in clinic. Nevertheless, there are some tests for the presumptive diagnosis of aspergillosis which, although are not specific for the identification of species, have been decisive in the case of IA. Among these are the Galactomannan test (GM), the Beta-D-glucan assay and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) testing. In this chapter, the recent advances and challenges in the molecular diagnosis of IA are revised

Tema: Comportamiento Epidemiológico de Placenta Previa en pacientes Embarazadas de la segunda mitad del embarazo y Hospitalizadas en el Hospital Berta Calderón Roque en el periodo de enero a junio del año 2018

El presente trabajo fue realizado en el periodo de enero a junio del año 2018 con el fin de identificar el comportamiento epidemiológico de placenta previa en pacientes embarazadas en la mitad del embarazo en el Hospital Bertha Calderón Roque, del cual diagnostico ha tenido prevalencia en pacientes multigesta y cesárea anterior. El síntoma característico de la placenta previa es la hemorragia indolora de sangre roja brillante (60%) y de intensidad variable. Los episodios de sangrado pueden repetirse o ir aumentando de intensidad según avanza la gestación. El diagnóstico de Placenta Previa en mujeres con hemorragia uterina durante la 2ª mitad del embarazo. El diagnóstico rara vez puede establecerse mediante el examen clínico, que de hecho debe evitarse por la posibilidad de producir hemorragia. La ecografía abdominal es el método más preciso, sencillo y seguro de localización de la placenta. El manejo se basa en: control del bienestar fetal, maduración pulmonar con corticoides en fetos ≤ 34 semanas, reposo absoluto, evitar tactos vaginales innecesarios, mantener hematocrito materno ≥ 30% y Hb ≥ 10 g/L, estabilización hemodinámica, tratamiento de la amenaza de parto pre término si fuera necesario. La incidencia de placenta previa pudimos constatar en el presente trabajo que la mayoría de los casos terminaron en un embarazo a término, todos los casos terminaron en una cesárea con excelente evolución de cada una de las pacientes estudiadas ya que no presentaron ninguna complicación y tuvieron una evolución satisfactori

Genotyping of Leptospira interrogans isolates from Mexican patients

The aim of this study was genotypically characterize Leptospira sp. clinical isolates from Mexico which were previously identified as Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona (POM) by phenotypic methods. The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was used for DNA amplification with five oligonucleotides. A dendrogram was constructed using the Unweighted Pair Group Method Analysis (UPGMA). During the genotypic characterization, the studied isolates constituted a group which was associated with the reference strain L. interrogans serovar Pomona. The Minimum Spanning Networks (MST) analysis revealed the same cluster between Mexican isolates and the reference strain POM. Clinical isolates identified as L. interrogans serovar POM have a clonal reproduction type, suggesting that this clone is distributed in different regions of Mexico

Usefulness of a multiplex PCR for the rapid identification of Candida glabrata species complex in Mexican clinical isolates

Candida glabrata complex includes three species identified through molecular biology methods: C. glabrata sensu stricto, C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis. In Mexico, the phenotypic methods are still used in the diagnosis; therefore, the presence of C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis among clinical isolates is still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of a multiplex PCR for the identification of the C. glabrata species complex. DNA samples from 92 clinical isolates that were previously identified through phenotypic characteristics as C. glabrata were amplified by four oligonucleotides (UNI-5.8S, GLA-f, BRA-f, and NIV-f) that generate amplicons of 397, 293 and 223-bp corresponding to C. glabrata sensu stricto, C. nivariensis, and C. bracarensis, respectively. The amplicon sequences were used to perform a phylogenetic analysis through the Maximum Likelihood method (MEGA6), including strains and reference sequences of species belonging to C. glabrata complex. In addition, recombination and linkage disequilibrium were estimated (DnaSP version 5.0) for C. glabrata sensu stricto isolates. Eighty-eight isolates generated a 397-bp fragment and only in one isolate a 223-bp amplicon was observed. In the phylogenetic tree, the sequences of 397-bp were grouped with C. glabrata reference sequences, and the sequence of 223-bp was grouped with C. bracarensis reference sequences, corroborating the PCR identification. The number of recombination events for the isolates of C. glabrata sensu stricto was zero, suggesting a clonal population structure. Three isolates that did not amplify any of the expected fragments were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the sequencing of the D1/D2 domain region within the 28S rDNA gene. The multiplex PCR is a fast, cost-effective and reliable tool that can be used in clinical laboratories to identify C. glabrata complex species

AFLP analysis reveals high genetic diversity but low population structure in Coccidioides posadasiiisolates from Mexico and Argentina

BACKGROUND: Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii cause coccidioidomycosis, a disease that is endemic to North and South America, but for Central America, the incidence of coccidioidomycosis has not been clearly established. Several studies suggest genetic variability in these fungi; however, little definitive information has been discovered about the variability of Coccidioides fungi in Mexico (MX) and Argentina (AR). Thus, the goals for this work were to study 32 Coccidioides spp. isolates from MX and AR, identify the species of these Coccidioides spp. isolates, analyse their phenotypic variability, examine their genetic variability and investigate the Coccidioides reproductive system and its level of genetic differentiation. METHODS: Coccidioides spp. isolates from MX and AR were taxonomically identified by phylogenetic inference analysis using partial sequences of the Ag2/PRA gene and their phenotypic characteristics analysed. The genetic variability, reproductive system and level of differentiation were estimated using AFLP markers. The level of genetic variability was assessed measuring the percentage of polymorphic loci, number of effective allele, expected heterocygosity and Index of Association (I(A)). The degree of genetic differentiation was determined by AMOVA. Genetic similarities among isolates were estimated using Jaccard index. The UPGMA was used to contsruct the corresponding dendrogram. Finally, a network of haplotypes was built to evaluate the genealogical relationships among AFLP haplotypes. RESULTS: All isolates of Coccidioides spp. from MX and AR were identified as C. posadasii. No phenotypic variability was observed among the C. posadasii isolates from MX and AR. Analyses of genetic diversity and population structure were conducted using AFLP markers. Different estimators of genetic variability indicated that the C. posadasii isolates from MX and AR had high genetic variability. Furthermore, AMOVA, dendrogram and haplotype network showed a small genetic differentiation among the C. posadasii populations analysed from MX and AR. Additionally, the I(A) calculated for the isolates suggested that the species has a recombinant reproductive system. CONCLUSIONS: No phenotypic variability was observed among the C. posadasii isolates from MX and AR. The high genetic variability observed in the isolates from MX and AR and the small genetic differentiation observed among the C. posadasii isolates analysed, suggest that this species could be distributed as a single genetic population in Latin America

Genotyping of clinical isolates of Aspergillus flavus and its relationship with environmental isolates center

Antecedentes: Durante un período de 4 meses, y mientras se llevaba a cabo un muestreo ambiental de aire, se diagnosticaron 2 casos de aspergilosis por Aspergillus flavus en un centro oncohematológico de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Objetivos: Conocer la variabilidad y la relación genética entre los aislamientos clínicos y los ambientales obtenidos en el centro oncohematológico. Métodos: Se utilizaron 2 técnicas de genotipificación con diferente poder discriminatorio (RAPD y AFLP). Una matriz de similitud genética fue calculada usando el método de Jaccard y fue la base para la cons- trucción de un dendrograma por el método de UPGMA. Se estimó el nivel de variabilidad genética por medio del porcentaje de loci polimórficos, número de alelos efectivos y heterocigosidad esperada, y el índice de asociación (I A ) . Resultados: El dendrograma mostró que los aislamientos de A. flavus recuperados de los pacientes no se relacionaron genéticamente con los del ambiente nosocomial. Los valores más altos de diversidad gené- tica correspondieron a los aislamientos ambientales. El I A estimado para todos los aislamientos sugiere eventos de recombinación. Conclusiones: Los pacientes 1 y 2 no fueron infectados con los aislamientos obtenidos del ambiente hospitalario. Los aislamientos clínicos y ambientales de A. flavus mostraron alta variabilidad genética entre ellos

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum