PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA HANSENÍASE EM JUAZEIRO DO NORTE, CE

A Hanseníase é uma doença infecto-contagiosa, com evolução crônica e lenta, causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, que acomete nervos periféricos e possui grande poder incapacitante. É uma doença endêmica, ocupando o segundo lugar na prevalência no Brasil e um sério problema de saúde pública no Ceará. Em virtude da necessidade de medidas preventivas e ação de controle, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico da Hanseníase no município de Juazeiro do Norte, CE entre o período de 2001 a 2011. Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico, observacional retrospectivo e documental cuja coleta de dados foi realizada por meio do banco de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Para verificar a associação estatística entre algumas variáveis, utilizou-se o teste do Qui-quadrado. No período estudado foram diagnosticados 1.848 casos da doença, a maioria em indivíduos entre 50 á 59 anos, abordando uma diferença significativa de 1% para o teste de Qui-quadrado. Houve predomínio da classificação operacional paucibaciliar apresentando resultados significativos de 1% no teste utilizado. Em relação às formas clínicas, o maior percentual foi de pacientes portadores da forma tuberculóide, no entanto não diferiu estatisticamente. Na variável tipo de saída observou-se uma alta prevalência de cura, com uma significância de 5% associada a doença. O coeficiente de prevalência anual da doença em 2001 foi de 13,5/10.000 habitantes, cujo valor foi considerado alto. A realidade encontrada reforça a necessidade de intensificar estratégias de controle da hanseníase no referido município

POTENCIAL MEDICINAL DE Lantana camara L. (VERBENACEAE): UMA REVISÃO

A espécie Lantana camara L., camará, pertencente à Família Verbenaceae típica das Américas e África, nativa do Brasil e Uruguai é um arbusto infestante e ornamental, distribuídas por todos os Estados brasileiros. As folhas dessa espécie têm sido utilizadas popularmente no tratamento de coceiras, dor de estômago, dente, reumatismo, cortes, gripe, asma, bronquite e anti-séptico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os potenciais farmacológicos de L. camara. Conduziu-se este estudo com dados obtidos em uma pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando principalmente sites de bancos de dados on-line como "Scopus", "Springerlink", "Scielo" e "Doaj". Verificou-se registros na literatura da sua utilização com anti-inflamatória, antibacteriana, antinociceptiva, antimicrobiana, antifúngica, nematicida e inseticida, etc

Research Trends in the Field of Literacy from 1917 To 2020

The aim of the present study was to explore the research trends in the field of “literacy”. From 1917 to June 2020, 3,35,893 documents were found by using “all fields” in Scopus. To explore the overall trend (of the 3,35,893 publications) we selected 9,52,642 keywords for categorization. Later we selected 32, 020 publications which represented the “literacy” word in only titles of the research documents. From these publications 74, 624 words were analyzed and arranged in eight (8) categories i.e., humans and subjects (43%), education (17%), literacy (8%), health (7%), information technology (6%), types of illiteracies (4%) and countries (3%). We calculated the percent relative growth rate (% RGR) and doubling (Dt) of the publications (after 2000). We also performed the detail bibliometric analysis of the two thousand (2000) most cited documents with focus on co-authorship, citations, co-citations, and co-words analysis. The list of top 50 authors, institutes, and countries (after 2000) with maximum number of publications and citations is also provided. The present report may provide a general idea about the trend and development in the field of literacy

Antimicrobial, modulatory and chemical analysis of the oil of Croton limae

Context: Croton sp. are plants with a well-reported antimicrobial activity. Croton limae A.P. Gomes, M.F. Sales P.E. Berry (Euphorbiaceae), known as ‘marmeleiro-prateado’, is commonly used to manage abdominal pain in Brazil. Objective: This work evaluates the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial and modulatory activities of the essential oil of C. limae leaves (EOCL). Materials and methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the modulation of the antibiotic activity were determined using a microdilution method. The concentration of EOCL ranged between 512 and 8 μg/mL. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida tropicalis, C. krusei and C. albicans strains were used in the MIC and modulation assays. The antibiotics, amikacin, gentamicin and neomycin, and the antifungals, amphotericin B, benzoylmetronidazole and nystatin, were used in concentrations ranging between 2500 and 2.5 μg/mL. The phytochemical analysis of the EOCL was performed through gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Results: Only Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited by a clinically relevant concentration of EOCL (MIC 512 μg/mL). Synergism between the EOCL and amikacin against S. aureus (9.76 μg/mL) and E. coli (39.062 μg/mL); neomycin against E. coli (2.44 μg/mL); and benzoylmetronidazole against C. krusei (256 μg/mL) were observed. The GC/MS analysis identified cedrol, eucalyptol and α-pinene as the main compounds of EOCL. Conclusion: EOCL inhibited the growth of S. aureus and potentiated the antibiotic and antifungal effects of drugs against all bacterial and Candida strains, respectively

Emergence and Structural Characteristic of the <i>Solanum pimpinellifolium</i> in Trays under Different Levels and Types of Substrates

The cultivated tomato is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world, and the preparation of seedlings plays a fundamental role in the success of the crop, which is often plagued by fungi and bacteria from its earliest stages. This study aimed to analyze the emergence speed index and morphological parameters of Wanda hybrid cherry tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum var. pimpinellifolium) in trays with two different types and levels of substrates in a protected environment using certified seeds. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the IFCE—Campus Crato during the months of August and September 2022. Two basic substrates were used to promote germination and emergence: one was the commercial Vivato Slim Plus®, and the other was based on worm humus produced in Minhobuckets kits. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of five doses of commercial substrate (SBC) and earthworm humus (HDM) in the following proportions: S1—HDM; S2—SBC; S3—HDM + SBC (1:1), S4—HDM + SBC (1:3), and S5—HDM + SBC (3:1). The ESI, morphological parameters (SD, PH, ROOTL, and NL), and the dry biomass of the seedlings (LDB, SDB, RDB, and TDB) were determined. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance, and Tukey’s test (0.05) was used; dry biomass data were submitted to square root transformation. For the emergence speed index, SBC (S2) outperformed the others. Regarding the morphological parameters and dry biomass, all substrates yielded satisfactory results, despite not showing a statistical difference between the averages. The substrate S4 produced the best results in all evaluated parameters

Research trends in food chemistry: A bibliometric review of its 40 years anniversary (1976–2016)

This study presents a general bibliometric overview of the major scientific developments that have been published in Food Chemistry, since its first issue (1976). The bibliometric data were retrieved from the scopus database. The review identifies the most cited, productive authors, and the leading institutions and countries of the journal, based on bibliometric indicators. The research hot spots in the period from 1976 to 2016 were identified by using the visualization of similarities software (Vosviewer), and the graphical mapping of the authors was developed to visualize networks between authors. A total of 20,050 publications was analysed and the most influential subjects covered by the journal were identified. Topics related to the antioxidant components of foods and the analytical quantification of contaminants or components of food were identified as being most relevant. The bibliometric analyses indicate a significant evolution of the journal in terms of publications, scientometric performance and themes covered

Chemical Characterization and Trypanocidal, Leishmanicidal and Cytotoxicity Potential of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) Essential Oil

Drug resistance in the treatment of neglected parasitic diseases, such as leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis, has led to the search and development of alternative drugs from plant origins. In this context, the essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation from Lantana camara leaves was tested against Leishmania braziliensis and Trypanosoma cruzi. The results demonstrated that L. camara essential oil inhibited T. cruzi and L. braziliensis with IC50 of 201.94 μg/mL and 72.31 μg/mL, respectively. L. camara essential oil was found to be toxic to NCTC929 fibroblasts at 500 μg/mL (IC50 = 301.42 μg/mL). The composition of L. camara essential oil analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed large amounts of (E)-caryophyllene (23.75%), biciclogermacrene (15.80%), germacrene D (11.73%), terpinolene (6.1%), and sabinene (5.92%), which might be, at least in part, responsible for its activity. Taken together, our results suggest that L. camara essential oil may be an important source of therapeutic agents for the development of alternative drugs against parasitic diseases

Neurolocomotor Behavior and Oxidative Stress Markers of Thiazole and Thiazolidinedione Derivatives against Nauphoeta cinerea

Thiazolidine compounds NJ20 {(E)-2-(2-(5-bromo-2-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)thiazole} and NW05 [(2-(benzo (d) (1,3) dioxol-4-ylmethylene)-N-(4-bromophenyl)-thiosemicarbazone] potentiated the effect of norfloxacin in resistant bacteria; however, there are no reports on their effects on Nauphoeta cinerea in the literature. The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavioral effects and oxidative markers of NW05 and NJ20 in lobster cockroach N. cinerea. To evaluate the behavioral study, a video tracking software was used to evaluate the locomotor points and the exploratory profile of cockroaches in the horizontal and vertical regions of a new environment. The total concentration of thiol and reduced glutathione (GSH), substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), free iron (II) content and mitochondrial viability were determined. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by the DPPH method. Both substances induced changes in the behavior of cockroaches, showing a significant reduction in the total distance covered and in the speed. In the cell viability test (MTT), there was a significant reduction for NJ20 (1 mM). NJ20 caused a significant increase in total levels of thiol and non-protein thiol (NPSH), although it also slightly increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Both compounds (NW05 and NJ20) caused a significant reduction in the content of free iron at a concentration of 10 mM. In conclusion, the compound NJ20 caused moderate neurotoxicity (1 mM), but had good antioxidant action, while NW05 did not show toxicity or significant antioxidant activity in the model organism tested. It is desirable to carry out complementary tests related to the antioxidant prospection of these same compounds, evaluating them at different concentrations

Paullinia cupana (Kunth) estimula padrões de comportamento e regula marcadores de estresse oxidativo em barata lagosta Nauphoeta cinerea

Paullinia cupana (Kunth), popularly known as guarana, is a plant species from the Amazon Region of Brazil that stands out for being one of the most promising herbal medicines of the Brazilian flora since it has relevant biological properties. However, studies are still needed to use this species as a direct approach to evaluate aspects related to behavior and oxidative stress in invertebrate model animals. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the stimulant and the antioxidant effects of P. cupana in lobster cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea. For that, cockroaches were exposed to a diet separately supplemented by the decoction of P. cupana powder decoction at increasing concentrations of 1, 25, 50 and 100 mg/g for 42 days. Behavioral and biochemical assays were performed, respectively, to assess the locomotor/exploratory performance and oxidative stress marker levels of the cockroaches. They exhibited an outstanding increase in the locomotion performance and in the cell viability content, as well as in the protein and non-protein thiol levels. Moreover, there was a decrease in lipid peroxidation levels and in free Fe2+ ion contents. Together, our results demonstrate the stimulant and the antioxidant capacity of P. cupana by acting positively in behavioral patterns and by regulating oxidative stress markers in lobster cockroach N cinerea. These findings encourage further laboratory analyzes in order to better enlighten the specific mechanisms of action attributed to guarana.Paullinia cupana (Kunth), conocida popularmente como guaraná, es una especie de planta de la región amazónica de Brasil que se destaca por ser una de las fitoterapéuticas más prometedoras de la flora brasileña debido a que posee actividades biológicas relevantes. Sin embargo, aún se necesitan estudios que utilicen esta especie como un enfoque directo para evaluar aspectos relacionados con el comportamiento y el estrés oxidativo en animales modelo de invertebrados. En este contexto, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los efectos estimulantes y antioxidantes de P. cupana en la cucaracha-langosta Nauphoeta cinerea. Para ello, las cucarachas fueron expuestas a una dieta suplementada por separado con decocción de P. cupana en concentraciones crecientes de 1, 25, 50 y 100 mg/g durante 42 días. Se realizaron ensayos de comportamiento y bioquímicos, respectivamente, para evaluar el desempeño locomotor/exploratorio de las cucarachas y los niveles de marcadores de estrés oxidativo. Las cucarachas exhibieron un aumento notable en el rendimiento de la locomoción y el contenido de viabilidad celular, así como en los niveles de tioles proteicos y no proteicos. Además, hubo una disminución en los niveles de peroxidación lipídica y en los niveles de iones Fe2+ libres. En conjunto, nuestros resultados demuestran la capacidad estimulante y antioxidante de P. cupana para actuar positivamente en los patrones de comportamiento y regular los marcadores de estrés oxidativo en la cucaracha-langosta N cinerea. Estos hallazgos alientan más análisis de laboratorio para aclarar mejor los mecanismos de acción específicos del guaraná.Paullinia cupana (Kunth), popularmente conhecida como guaraná, é uma espécie de planta da Região Amazônica do Brasil que se destaca por ser um dos fitoterápicos mais promissores da flora brasileira uma vez que apresenta atividades biológicas relevantes. No entanto, ainda são necessários estudos que utilizem esta espécie como uma abordagem direta para avaliar aspectos relacionados ao comportamento e estresse oxidativo em animais modelo invertebrados. Neste contexto, objetivamos avaliar os efeitos estimulante e antioxidante de P. cupana na barata-lagosta Nauphoeta cinerea. Para tanto, as baratas foram expostas a uma dieta suplementada separadamente pela decocção do pó de P. cupana em concentrações crescentes de 1, 25, 50 e 100 mg/g por 42 dias. Ensaios comportamentais e bioquímicos foram realizados, respectivamente, para avaliar o desempenho locomotor/exploratório das baratas e os níveis de marcadores de estresse oxidativo. As baratas exibiram um notável aumento no desempenho de locomoção e no conteúdo de viabilidade celular, bem como nos níveis de tiol proteico e não proteico. Além disso, houve uma diminuição nos níveis de peroxidação lipídica e nos teores de íons Fe2+ livres. Tomados em conjunto, nossos resultados demonstram a capacidade estimulante e antioxidante de P. cupana ao atuar positivamente em padrões comportamentais e ao regular os marcadores de estresse oxidativo em barata-lagosta N cinerea. Esses achados encorajam novas análises laboratoriais para melhor esclarecer os mecanismos específicos de ação atribuídos ao guaraná