Opinions of seven Mainers on various aspects of health-care reform on both the s

Opinions of seven Mainers on various aspects of health-care reform on both the state and national levels

Taxonomy for complexity theory in the context of maternity care

Background The linear focus of ‘normal science’ is unable toadequately take account of the complex interactions that direct health care systems. There is a turn towards complexity theory as a more appropriate framework for understanding system behaviour. However, a comprehensive taxonomy for complexity theory in the context of health care is lacking. Objective This paper aims to build a taxonomy based on the key complexity theory components that have been used in publications on complexity theory and health care, and to explore their explanatory power for health care system behaviour, specifically for maternity care. Method A search strategy was devised in PubMed and 31 papers were identified as relevant for the taxonomy. Findings The final taxonomy for complexity theory included and defined 11components. The use of waterbirth and the impact of the Term Breech trial showed that each of the components of our taxonomy has utility in helping to understand how these techniques became widely adopted. It is not just the components themselves that characterise a complex system but also the dynamics between them

Some Properties Of Somerville Multiple Range Subset-Selection Procedure For three Populations

Somerville (1984) has recently proposed a multiple range subset selection procedure for the case when sample means of size n are obtained from k normal populations with common known variance. It is shown here that when k=3 the probability of correct selection 6f this procedure is between that of Gupta\u27s procedure and p* and strong evidence is presented that the expected subset size of the procedure is lower than that of Gupta\u27s procedure uniformly in parameter values for all p* 0,98

Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of the searobin Prionotus punctatus (Scorpaeniformes, Triglidae) at two different temperatures

Routine oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion were measured at 20ºC and 25ºC in the searobin Prionotus punctatus collected in Ubatuba region (22º30'S), SP, Brazil, in western South Atlantic, to investigate energy expenditure and losses through metabolic processes. IndividuaIs ranging from 1.00g to 88.47g and from 1.79g to 56.50g were used in experiments at 20ºC and 25ºC, respectively. At 20ºC and 25ºC, the averages of weight-specific oxygen consumption for the weight class of 1.00 - 10.00g, common to both temperatures, were 162.46µ 39.51 µ.10z/g/h and 200.47µ 92.46 µ.10z/g/h, respectively; for the weight class of 50.01 - 60.00g these values were 112.30 µ 22.84 µ.10z/g/h and 114.60 µ 20.36 µ.10zlg/h. At 20ºC and 25ºC, the averages of weight-specific ammonia excretion for the weight class of 1.00 to 1O.00g were 1.03 µ 0.37 fJ.M/g/h and 1.21 µ 0.65 µ.M/g/h, respectively; for the weight class of 50.01 -60.00g these values were 0.68 µ 0.13 fJ.M/g/h and 0.60 µ 0.22 µ.M/g/h. The energy budget for the species was calculated at both temperatures using the experimental data and a model for marine teleosts proposed in the literature.<br>O consumo de oxigênio de rotina e a excreção de amônia de Prionotus punctatus coletados na região de Ubatuba (22º30'S), SP, Brasil, foram medidos a 20ºC e 25ºC, para avaliar os gastos e perdas de energia com os processos metabólicos. Foram utilizados indivíduos variando de 1,00g a 88,47g e de 1,79g a 56,50g, em experimentos a 20ºC e 25ºC, respectivamente. As médias de consumo específico de oxigênio a 20ºC e 25ºC para a classe de peso de 1,00 - 10,00g, comum a ambas as temperaturas, foram 162,46µ 39,51 µ.10z/g/h e 200,47 µ 92,46 µ.10z/g/h, respectivamente; para a classe de peso de 50,01 - 60,00g esses valores foram 112,30 µ 22,84 µ.10z/g/h e 114,60 µ 20,36 µ.10z/g/h. A 20ºC e 25ºC, as médias de excreção específica de amônia para a classe de peso de 1,00 a 10,00g foram 1,03 µ 0,37 e 1,21 µ 0,65 µ.M/g/h, respectivamente; para a classe de peso de 50,01 - 60,00g esses valores foram 0,68 µ 0,13 µ.M/g/h e 0,60 µ 0,22 µ.M/g/h. O orçamento energético para a espécie foi calculado para cada temperatura utilizando-se os da.dos experimentais e modelo proposto na literatura