The nutritive value of maize foggage for ewes and their lambs in the North Eastern Free State

(South African J of Animal Science, 2000, 30, Supplement 1: 65-67

Factors affecting the immunogenicity of Pasteurella haemolytica in mice

An appreciable level of immunity from intraperitoneal infection with Pasteurella haemolytica was established in mice by using a vaccine prepared in a conventional bacteriological culture medium, with aluminium hydroxide gel as adjuvant. The level of immunity could not be elevated by using bacteria grown in tissue culture media, enriched brain heart infusion broth, the addition of serum to the media or by using bacteria that had been harvested in the logarithmic growth phase. Although various extracts of the bacteria elicited a distinct immunity, the imrnunogenicity of vaccines containing bacteria could not be enhanced by augmentation with those products. The potential application of the vaccine in cattle and sheep is discussed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.am201

Boekbespreking

No abstract available

Dimensions of Diastemata and Associated Periodontal Food Pockets in Donkey Cheek Teeth

Equine cheek teeth (CT) diastemata often cause deep periodontal food pocketing and are therefore regarded as a painful dental disorder of equidae. However, there appears to be no information available on the size or shape of these diastemata. This post mortem study examined 16 donkey skulls (mean age = 32-years) containing 45 CT diastemata to define the anatomical shape and dimensions of these diastemata, and of the associated periodontal food pockets that occur with this disorder. Diastemata were found to more commonly involve mandibular (56.0 %) compared with maxillary CT (44.0 %), and 71.0 % of these diastemata had adjacent intercurrent dental disorders that may have predisposed donkeys to the diastemata. The median widths of all diastemata were 2.0-mm at the occlusal surface and 3.1-mm at the gingival margin, with no differences in widths between the lateral or medial aspects of diastemata. Diastemata were defined as open (60.0 %) or valve (40.0 %) based on their gross appearance. This classification was confirmed to be accurate by measurements that showed valve diastemata to have an occlusal to gingival width ratio of 0.4, in contrast to open diastemata where this ratio was 1.07. Food was impacted in 89.0 % of diastemata, but all diastemata had adjacent periodontal disease. Periodontal food pocketing was present adjacent to 76.0 % of diastemata, more commonly on the lateral aspect (73.0 % prevalence; mean pocket depth = 4.1-mm) than the medial aspect (47.0 % prevalence; mean pocket depth = 2.4-mm). The depth of periodontal pockets of diastemata was not associated with the height of the erupted crowns of adjacent CT. </jats:p

The SARAO MeerKAT 1.3 GHz Galactic Plane Survey

We present the SARAO MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey (SMGPS), a 1.3 GHz continuum survey of almost half of the Galactic Plane (251○ ≤l ≤ 358○ and 2○ ≤l ≤ 61○ at |b| ≤ 1 5). SMGPS is the largest, most sensitive and highest angular resolution 1 GHz survey of the Plane yet carried out, with an angular resolution of 8″ and a broadband RMS sensitivity of ∼10–20 μJy beam−1. Here we describe the first publicly available data release from SMGPS which comprises data cubes of frequency-resolved images over 908–1656 MHz, power law fits to the images, and broadband zeroth moment integrated intensity images. A thorough assessment of the data quality and guidance for future usage of the data products are given. Finally, we discuss the tremendous potential of SMGPS by showcasing highlights of the Galactic and extragalactic science that it permits. These highlights include the discovery of a new population of non-thermal radio filaments; identification of new candidate supernova remnants, pulsar wind nebulae and planetary nebulae; improved radio/mid-IR classification of rare Luminous Blue Variables and discovery of associated extended radio nebulae; new radio stars identified by Bayesian cross-matching techniques; the realisation that many of the largest radio-quiet WISE H II region candidates are not true H II regions; and a large sample of previously undiscovered background H I galaxies in the Zone of Avoidance

The MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey: I. Survey overview and highlights

Please abstract in the article.The South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO), the National Research Foundation (NRF), the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, US National Science Foundation, the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the DSI/NRF, the SARAO HCD programme, the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Innovation.http://www.aanda.orghj2022Physic

Dietary red palm oil olein attenuates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury: Effects on glutathione peroxidase transcription and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2

Dietary red palm oil (RPO) supplementation offers protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Several pathways have been suggested to convey this protection. Recently it has been shown that RPO supplementation increases glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in the myocardium, but the mechanism behind this increase in GPX activity remains unknown. Antioxidant activity is known to play a role in pro-survival kinase signaling. The involvement of extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK) early in reperfusion gave different results in previous studies, depending upon the diet to which RPO was supplemented. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of dietary RPO supplementation on ERK 1/2 phosphorylation and GPX1, GPX3 and GPX4 transcription. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. 1) SRC control group fed a standard rat chow diet (SRC) for 6 weeks and 2) RPO experimental group fed a standard rat chow diet supplemented with 2 ml of RPO olein per day. After the feeding period, rats were sacrificed and hearts perfused on a working heart perfusion apparatus. Cardiac function was measured before and after ischaemia in order to determine aortic output recovery. Hearts were also freeze clamped at 20 min perfusion, 10 min reperfusion and 25 min reperfusion, in order to determine the level of ERK and phosphorylated ERK by Western blotting. Regulation of glutathione peroxidase mRNA was determined before ischaemia using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RPO supplementation did not produce significant changes in GPX1 or GPX3 mRNA expression when compared to the SRC control group. The mRNA expression of GPX4 was significantly higher in the RPO supplemented group when compared to controls. ERK44 phosphorylation was significantly higher in the RPO supplemented group when compared to the control group at 20 min perfusion. Our results confirmed improved aortic output recovery in the RPO group, as reported in previous studies after ischaemia/ reperfusion injury. The minor changes found in ERK phosphorylation in this study may suggest that RPO has little effect on this pathway. However, the increase at baseline should be investigated further. Our findings also suggest that RPO may increase glutathione peroxidase activity, through up- regulation of the mRNA levels of GPX4

Styrene-ethylene co-oligomerization with bis-(diphenylphosphino)-amine/ chromium catalysts and the use of the co-oligomerization products in copolymerization reactions with metallocenes

Ethylene-styrene (or 4-methylstyrene) co-oligomerization using various bis(diphenylphoshino)amine ligands in combination with chromium is discussed. GC analysis of the reaction mixture shows that various phenyl-hexene and phenyl-octene isomers are formed either through cotrimerization or cotetramerization. It seems that the more bulky ligands display lower selectivity to co-oligomerization and favor ethylene homo-oligomerization. Subsequent copolymerization of the oligomerization reaction mixture using a metallocene polymerization catalyst results in a copolymer with a branched structure as indicated by Crystaf and 13C NMR analysis. Assignments of the 13C NMR spectrum are proposed from an APT NMR experiment combined with calculated NMR chemical shift data using additivity rules. An indication of the ability of the different co-oligomerization products to copolymerize into the polyethylene chain could be established from these assignments. Unreacted styrene and the more bulky isomers, 3-phenyl-1-hexene and 3-phenyl-1-octene, are not readily incorporated while branches resulting from the other isomers present in the co-oligomerization reaction mixture are detected in the NMR spectrum. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Articl