The magnetic fields of large Virgo cluster spirals: Paper II

The Virgo cluster of galaxies provides excellent conditions for studying interactions of galaxies with the cluster environment. Both the high-velocity tidal interactions and effects of ram pressure stripping by the intracluster gas can be investigated in detail. We extend our systematic search for possible anomalies in the magnetic field structures of Virgo cluster spirals in order to characterize a variety of effects and attribute them to different disturbing agents. Six angularly large Virgo cluster spiral galaxies (NGC4192, NGC4302, NGC4303, NGC4321, NGC4388, and NGC4535) were targets of a sensitive total power and polarization study using the 100-m radio telescope in Effelsberg at 4.85GHz and 8.35GHz (except for NGC4388 observed only at 4.85GHz, and NGC4535 observed only at 8.35GHz). Magnetic field structures distorted to various extent are found in all galaxies. Three galaxies (NGC4302, NGC4303, and NGC4321) show some signs of possible tidal interactions, while NGC4388 and NGC4535 have very likely experienced strong ram-pressure and shearing effects, respectively, visible as distortions and asymmetries of polarized intensity distributions. As in our previous study, even strongly perturbed galaxies closely follow the radio-far-infrared correlation. In NGC4303 and NGC4321, we observe symmetric spiral patterns of the magnetic field and in NGC4535 an asymmetric pattern. Magnetic fields allow us to trace even weak interactions that are difficult to detect with other observations. Our results show that the degree of distortions of a galaxy is not a simple function of the distance to the cluster center but reflects also the history of its interactions. The angle between the velocity vector and the rotation vector of a galaxy may be a general parameter that describes the level of distortions of galactic magnetic fields.Comment: 12 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

The Principle of Valence Bond Amplitude Maximization in Cuprates: How it breeds Superconductivity, Spin and Charge Orders

A simple microscopic principle of `Valence bond (nearest neighbor singlet) amplitude maximization '(VBAM) is shown to be present in undoped and optimally doped cuprates and unify the very different orderings such as antiferromagnetism in the Mott insulator and the robust superconductivity accompanied by an enhanced charge and stripe correlations in the optimally doped cuprates. VBAM is nearly synonymous with the energy minimization principle. It is implicit in the RVB theory and thereby makes the predictions of RVB mean field theory of superconductivity qualitatively correct.Comment: 4 pages, RevTe

Burnout syndrome among caregivers of children suffering from epilepsy

Zespół wypalenia jest to stan fizycznego i psychicznego wyczerpania powstający w wyniku działania długotrwałych uczuć negatywnych. Na zespół wypalenia narażone są osoby długotrwale zaangażowane w udzielanie pomocy (lekarze, terapeuci, pielęgniarki, opiekunowie). Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena nasilenia zespołu wypalenia wśród opiekunów dzieci chorujących na padaczkę. W ankietowym badaniu oceniono 99 opiekunów dzieci chorych na padaczkę, którzy wypełnili Kwestionariusz Wypalenia Maslach i Inwentarz Depresji Becka. U żadnego z badanych opiekunów nie zaobserwowano objawów depresji. Stwierdzono, że istnieje dodatnia korelacja pomiędzy czasem trwania choroby, wiekiem dziecka oraz wiekiem opiekuna a poziomem wyczerpania emocjonalnego. Osoby opiekujące się chorym dzieckiem samotnie, bez wsparcia rodziny, cechowały się wyższymi wartościami wyczerpania emocjonalnego oraz depersonalizacji, a także niższą samooceną.Burnout syndrome is a condition of physical and mental exhaustion resulting from chronic exposure to negative emotions. Subjects involved in helping others for a long time (e.g. doctors, nurses, caregivers etc.) are at risk of developing burnout syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the intensity of the burnout syndrome among caregivers of children suffering from epilepsy. We assessed 99 caregivers of children. They were asked to fill in the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Beck’s Depresion Index. We have found no symptoms of depression in any of the caregivers. There is a positive correlation between time passed from the diagnosis, age of the child , age of the caregiver and the level of emotional exhaustion. Subjects taking care of a child lonely, without any familial support had higher results in subscales of emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation. They were also characterised by lower self-esteem as well

The diffuse radio emission around NGC 5580 and NGC 5588

The galaxy pair NGC 5580 and NGC 5588 is part of a loose group of galaxies. They are surrounded by steep-spectrum, extended radio emission which was previously suggested to be a down-scaled example of Mpc-size radio haloes present in galaxies clusters. We present a multifrequency study of the radio emission aimed to clarify its nature. The source has been observed with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope at 235, 325 and 610 MHz and the images obtained were combined with archival data to cover the frequency range 150-1400 MHz. The new observations revealed the presence of a second, fainter lobe on the south-east of NGC 5580. The spectral index study of the source shows a flattening of the spectrum (which implies a younger particle population) close to the two galaxies. We argue that the extended radio emission is the remnant of a past activity cycle of the active galactic nucleus present in NGC 5580 and therefore a notable example of a dying radio galaxy located outside dense environments. © 2014 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society