ВЕТРЯНАЯ ОСПА В ЯРОСЛАВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ. ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ВАКЦИНАЦИИ ОДНОЙ ВОЗРАСТНОЙ ГРУППЫ ДЕТЕЙ ПРОТИВ ВЕТРЯНОЙ ОСПЫ

Chickenpox is one of the mass infection diseases in Yaroslavl Oblast. In 2003–2011 chickenpox morbidity in Yaroslavl region was registered at the level of 362.02–870.00 per 100,000 people; in 2011 the number of patients reached 11,070 (10363 of them — children). The highest level of the chickenpox morbidity is registered among children. Annually chickenpox is rated the second by the number of patients in the structure of infectious morbidity and takes over 80% of the total of respiratory infections (without influenza and ARVI). In studying the specifics of chickenpox epidemiology in the region, rises of morbidity with a period of three years were found, but the rise in 2011 was much more intensive than the average figures for the long-term observations. At present, selective varicellation for the risk-group children is performed according to the regional immunization schedule, but this does not influence the level of morbidity and the number of the clinically severe cases of the disease having the features of meningoencephalitis. Pharmacoeconomic calculations’ analysis shows that in the absence of a planned cohort varicellation the economic damage caused by the disease in Yaroslavl Oblast reaches no less than 110 million roubles per year. Varicellation economic efficiency evaluation in one age cohort of children has been performed and the conclusions about the expediency of planned vaccinal prevention against this infection have been made.Ветряная оспа в Ярославской области — одно из самых массовых инфекционных заболеваний. В период с 2003 по 2011 гг. заболеваемость ветряной оспой в Ярославской области регистрировалась в диапазоне 362,02–870,0 на 100 тыс. населения; число заболевших в 2011 г. достигло 11070, из них 10363 — дети. Наиболее высокие уровни заболеваемости ветряной оспой регистрируются у детей. Ветряная оспа в регионе ежегодно занимает второе место в структуре инфекционной заболеваемости и более 80% всей суммы инфекции с воздушно-капельным механизмом передачи (без гриппа и острых респираторных вирусных инфекций). При изучении особенностей эпидемиологии ветряной оспы в области установлено наличие подъемов заболеваемости с периодичностью каждые три года, однако, в 2011 г. интенсивность ее стала значительно выше среднемноголетних показателей. В настоящее время в области в рамках регионального календаря прививок проводится выборочная иммунизация против ветряной оспы детей из группы риска, однако, она не влияет ни на уровень заболеваемости, ни на число клинически тяжелых осложнений заболеваний, протекающих в виде менингоэнцефалитов. Анализ фармакоэкономических расчетов показывает, что при отсутствии плановой когортной вакцинации против ветряной оспы экономический ущерб от случаев заболеваний в Ярославской области ежегодно составляет не менее 110 млн рублей. Проведена оценка экономической эффективности иммунизации против ветрянки одной возрастной когорты детей и сделаны выводы о целесообразности плановой вакцинопрофилактики этой инфекции

Erratum: Micromachined Fabry-Pérot Interferometer with Embedded Nanochannels for Nanoscale Fluid Dynamics

In ref 1, the erroneous numbers are not discussed in detail, yet we briefly noted, p 349, the observation of an enhanced ﬿lling speed with respect to the Lucas Washburn equation...

Micromachined Fabry-Perot interferometer with embedded nanochannels for nanoscale fluid dynamics

We describe a microfabricated Fabry-Pérot interferometer with nanochannels of various heights between 6 and 20 nm embedded in its cavity. By multiple beam interferometry, the device enables the study of liquid behavior in the nanochannels without using fluorescent substances. During filling studies of ethanol and water, an intriguing filling mode for partially wetting water was observed, tentatively attributed to the entrapment of a large amount of gas inside the channels

High genetic diversity ofVibrio choleraein the European lake Neusiedler See is associated with intensive recombination in the reed habitat and the long-distance transfer of strains

Coastal marine Vibrio cholerae populations usually exhibit high genetic diversity. To assess the genetic diversity of abundant V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 populations in the Central European lake Neusiedler See, we performed a phylogenetic analysis based on recA, toxR, gyrB and pyrH loci sequenced for 472 strains. The strains were isolated from three ecologically different habitats in a lake that is a hot-spot of migrating birds and an important bathing water. We also analyzed 76 environmental and human V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 isolates from Austria and other European countries and added sequences of seven genome-sequenced strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the lake supports a unique endemic diversity of V. cholerae that is particularly rich in the reed stand. Phylogenetic trees revealed that many V. cholerae isolates from European countries were genetically related to the strains present in the lake belonging to statistically supported monophyletic clades. We hypothesize that the observed phenomena can be explained by the high degree of genetic recombination that is particularly intensive in the reed stand, acting along with the long distance transfer of strains most probably via birds and/or humans. Thus, the Neusiedler See may serve as a bioreactor for the appearance of new strains with new (pathogenic) properties.The study was financed by the Austrian Science Fund FWF, project nr P21625-B20. In addition, CP and ISD were partially supported by the Austrian Science Fund FWF, P25745-B20. CA thanks to the Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte and FEDER funds for the grant AGL2014-58933-P. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.Peer Reviewe

Towards surface quantum optics with Bose-Einstein condensates in evanescent waves

We present a surface trap which allows for studying the coherent interaction of ultracold atoms with evanescent waves. The trap combines a magnetic Joffe trap with a repulsive evanescent dipole potential. The position of the magnetic trap can be controlled with high precision which makes it possible to move ultracold atoms to the surface of a glass prism in a controlled way. The optical potential of the evanescent wave compensates for the strong attractive van der Waals forces and generates a potential barrier at only a few hundred nanometers from the surface. The trap is tested with Rb Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC), which are stably positioned at distances from the surfaces below one micrometer

Species diversity of Trichoderma in Poland

In the present study, we reinvestigate the diversity of Trichoderma in Poland utilizing a combination of morphological and molecular/phylogenetic methods. A total of 170 isolates were collected from six different substrata at 49 sites in Poland. These were divided among 14 taxa as follows: 110 of 170 Trichoderma isolates were identified to the species level by the analysis of their ITS1, ITS2 rDNA sequences as: T. harzianum (43 isolates), T. aggressivum (35), T. citrinoviride (11), T. hamatum (9), T. virens (6), T. longibrachiatum (4), T. polysporum (1), and T. tomentosum (1); 60 isolates belonging to the Viride clade were identified based on a fragment of the translation-elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene as: T. atroviride (20 isolates), T. gamsii (2), T. koningii (17), T. viridescens (13), T. viride (7), and T. koningiopsis (1). Identifications were made using the BLAST interface in TrichOKEY and TrichoBLAST (http://www.isth.info). The most diverse substrata were soil (nine species per 22 isolates) and decaying wood (nine species per 75 isolates). The most abundant species (25%) isolated from all substrata was T. harzianum

Ivermectin: Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety in COVID-19

The search for an effective and safe COVID-19 therapy involves, among other things, assessment of efficacy of medicines already used for the treatment of other diseases, and having potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The relevance of the presented study stems from ambiguous data on the off-label use of the antiparasitic medicine ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The aim of the study was to analyse ivermectin efficacy and safety for COVID-19 treatment, as reflected in the scientific literature. Ivermectin, an antiparasitic medicine from the group of macrocyclic lactones produced by Streptomyces avermitilis, stimulates release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, which leads to impaired transmission of nerve impulses, paralysis and death of parasites. The results of preclinical studies show ivermectin’s inhibitory activity against a number of RNA and DNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The results of ivermectin clinical studies are ambiguous: a number of studies demonstrated a positive effect on the condition of COVID-19 patients, however, there is currently no convincing evidence of the validity and efficacy of ivermectin use for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 patients. The safety profile of ivermectin is relatively favourable. Large randomised controlled trials are needed to fully assess the feasibility of using ivermectin in COVID-19

Treatment of fractures with plate osteosynthesis with bioactive coating

The aim. of the work was to introduce implants with bioactive coating in the practice of treatment of long tubular bones and. to assess speed of consolidation in comparison with bioinert constructions with use of clinical data, radiation and biochemical methods of examination. Use of bioactive calcium-phosphate coatings obtained by the method of microarc oxidation for the osteosynthesis of long tubular bones is accompanied by more effective consolidation of fracture area in comparison with titanium plates. In 4 months after the operation with use of bioactive implants 95,2 % of patients had. active formation and. formed callus and. only 4,8 % of patients didn't have signs of consolidation. In the same terms at the fixation by bioinert plates adhesion of fracture didn't happen in 24 % of cases. Main mechanism of positive action of bioactive implants is connected with increase of calcium depot in blood and. decrease of markers of bone resorption in the first months after their installation

Safety of Antibacterial and Antiprotozoal Medicinal Products

The experts of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products analysed administrative decisions of foreign regulatory authorities on the recalls of antibacterial and antiprotozoal medicinal products and/or the need for labelling updates due to changes in the safety profile. The analysis revealed 16 decisions containing information on the following medicines registered in Russia: ertapenem, сeftriaxone, cefazolin, аmoxicillin, сefoperazone+sulbactam, piperacillin+tazobactam, сlindamycin, teicoplanin, rifampin, co-trimoxazole, hydroxychloroquine