The disobedient child: a study of children brought for treatment to the Providence Child Guidance Clinic with the complaint of disobedience at home

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

The relationship between the public institute of higher education and the student: Philosophical issues raised by current alcohol consumption policies

This thesis focuses on current issues in public institutes of higher education (IHE) regarding policy and enforcement of alcohol consumption regulations for students. The unique nature of higher education in which some of the students are not of legal drinking age and some are, and the residential aspect of many public IHEs compounds the issue of policy development and enforcement. The challenge of developing a coherent approach to drinking is viewed through the two lenses of law and philosophy. Specifically, how has the legal relationship between public IHE and student developed and how can selected philosophical inquiries inform such alcohol policies? Historically the relationship between the public IHE and student was simple: the public IHE acted with the same authority that a parent could act to regulate students\u27 behavior; this relationship was called in loco parentis and was based on the presumption that the public IHE was a special place, where students were privileged to attend, and that the public IHE could make any reasonable policies necessary for the control and development of its students much like a parent controls the actions of their child. The first portion of this thesis follows the evolution of this relationship from the straightforward in loco parentis model, to the modern relationship that has been defined through tort liability, the application of the regulations for contractual relationships, and a demand for respect for students\u27 constitutional rights. Included is a discussion on the nature of the conduct process, and how the application of the parental notification letter to students, now permitted by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, have shaped this relationship. These new guidelines have blurred the goals of the public IHE in policy-making because the public IHE is an academic and educational institution; both society and students look to their universities for guidance and educational experiences. The public IHE is no longer acting in place of the parent. Its relationship with its students became complicated through its legal duty under theories of negligence, the rise of the contractual relationship, and the obligation to protect their constitutional rights. Under the framework of the relationship as it has been shaped through legal precedent, this thesis addresses three major philosophical perspectives. First there is an exploration of Immanuel Kant\u27s enlightenment theory of reason. Using the categorical imperative and practical imperative as guides, the morality of alcohol consumption policies is used as an analytical tool. Jeremy Bentham\u27s utilitarian principles as applied to social learning theory and deterrence theories in criminology are used to explore if the benefits of current policies are outweighing the negatives. Finally, Karl Marx\u27s philosophy of ideological reflexes is used to explore how the cultural values of one code of conduct match up to the cultural influences of society. Through the legal and philosophical examinations, it is concluded that the public IHE is bound by legal restrictions to maintain codes of conduct that are not working for a variety of reasons when viewed through the philosophical lens. These restrictions create inconsistencies in policy and enforcement, and run counter to the predominant culture surrounding alcohol consumption. Public IHEs are viewed as a special place for students to learn and grow, but with the obstacles of prevailing cultural norms and legal restrictions, the public IHE alone will be unable to address the problems associated with alcohol consumption through the use of policy. Law defines the duties and obligations the IHE owes to its students. Philosophical views seek to provide coherence of duties and obligations. An analysis of the convergence of these two structures provides a foundation upon which the public IHE can develop coherence for the pursuit of its special mission. Due to concerns about safety and the prestige of the academic environment, the public IHE cannot simply ignore the risks associated with alcohol consumption, but in conclusion, the public IHE is hindered in creating appropriate and/or effective policies

Project management in the Apollo program Interim report

Project management in Apollo progra

Manned space flight in transition

A study was conducted to analyze the reorientation of NASA programs in the post-Apollo period. The study is an external view of NASA by unbiased observers as an input to and aid in the decision making process concerning near and long term planning. The subjects discussed are: (1) the near-term NASA scenario; (2) organization of field centers; (3) planning activities; and (4) operational activities. A summary of the recommendations arising as a result of the study is presented

Model of Enterpreneurship and Social-cultural and Market Orientation of Small Business Owners in Poland

In the development of SMEs in Poland crucial meaning is legislation, steadily adapted to EU regulations, especially to the European Charter for Small Enterprises. Research conducted in Poland by many authors provide data for doing so, to confirm the hypothesis that among small businesses a vital role in shaping their work situation did not continue to play the market mechanisms and orientations, but mainly socio-cultural factors.W rozwoju MŚP w Polsce podstawowe znaczenie mają również uregulowania prawne, systematycznie dostosowywane do regulacji unijnych, zwłaszcza zaś do Europejskiej Karty Małych Przedsiębiorstw. Badania prowadzone w Polsce przez wielu autorów dostarczają danych ku temu, by potwierdzić tezę, że wśród drobnych przedsiębiorców decydującą rolę w kształtowaniu ich sytuacji pracy odgrywają nadal nie mechanizmy i orientacje rynkowe, ale przede wszystkim czynniki społeczno-kulturowe