Повышение эффективности работы жидкостно-газового эжектора

The proposed solution relates to fluidics and can be used, for example, in the extraction of oil and gas, the collection and preparation of oil, gas and water, the extraction of methane from methane beds, oil refining. The technical result is to increase the efficiency of a liquid-gas ejector by ensuring its work in the field of rational concentrations and salt composition, in which the intensification of energy exchange between the working fluid and the ejected gas is achieved. The essence of the proposed solution: the method of operation of a liquid-gas ejector involves injecting a working fluid with a power pump into the ejector nozzle, pumping gas with an ejector, creating, dispersing and increasing the pressure of a gas-liquid mixture with an ejector using aqueous solutions of salts as a working fluid. The values of the concentration and composition of salts in the working fluid are maintained within the range of rational concentrations and composition of salts, in which increased values of the efficiency of the ejector are achieved. Salts are added to the weakly mineralized aqueous solutions, and the highly mineralized aqueous solutions are diluted with fresh water. As the working fluid, the formation and/or incidentally produced waters of oil, gas, gas condensate and methane-coal deposits, which are aqueous solutions of salts, are used if the composition and concentration of salts in the produced and/or incidentally produced waters are within the range of rational concentrations and composition of salts in which provides an increase in the efficiency of the ejector. The boundaries of the field of rational concentrations and salt composition are preliminarily determined by laboratory bench studies.Предлагаемое в статье решение относится к струйной технике и может быть использовано, например, в добыче нефти и газа, сборе и подготовке нефти, газа и воды, извлечении метана из метаноугольных пластов, нефтепереработке. Техническим результатом является повышение эффективности жидкостно-газового эжектора путем обеспечения его работы в области рациональных концентраций и состава солей, в которой достигается интенсификация энергообмена между рабочей жидкостью и эжектируемым газом. Сущность предлагаемого решения: способ работы жидкостно-газового эжектора включает нагнетание рабочей жидкости силовым насосом в сопло эжектора, откачку газа эжектором, создание, диспергирование и повышение давления газожидкостной смеси эжектором с использованием в качестве рабочей жидкости водных растворов солей. Значения концентрации и состава солей в рабочей жидкости поддерживают в пределах области рациональных концентраций и состава солей, в которой достигаются повышенные величины коэффициента полезного действия эжектора. В слабоминерализованные водные растворы добавляют соли, а сильноминерализованные водные растворы разбавляют пресными водами. В качестве рабочей жидкости используют являющиеся водными растворами солей пластовые и/или попутно добываемые воды нефтяных, газовых, газоконденсатных и метаноугольных месторождений, если состав и концентрация солей в них находятся в пределах области рациональных концентраций и состава солей, в которой обеспечивается повышение коэффициента полезного действия эжектора. Границы области рациональных концентраций и состава солей предварительно определяют путем проведения лабораторных стендовых исследований

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Investigation of the ejector characteristics to improve the technology of pumping gas from the annular space during well operation by electrical submersible pump unit

The article presents the results of experimental study of the influence of operating fluid pressure on the ejector characteristics for subsequent use in perfecting the technique of selecting the most suitable flow part of a jet apparatus during well operation with electrical submersible pump unit (ESP) units and pumping gas from the annulus to the tubing. The characteristics of the jet apparatus were studied on an experimental stand, on the basis of which pressure distribution curves were constructed along the length of the flowing part (mixing chamber and diffuser) of a liquid-gas ejector at various pressures of the working fluid in front of the nozzle. The dependences of the relative dimensionless pressure drop and the efficiency of the ejector on the pressure of the working fluid in front of the nozzle to assess the efficiency of the ejector at various operating pressures were also represented. The dependence of the optimal operating mode of a liquid-gas ejector on the magnitude of the working pressure is revealed. In the experiments, the pressure distribution curves along the length of the ejector were measured and the characteristics of the jet apparatus were obtained when gas was evacuated by a liquid jet with accuracy suitable for practical purposes. It is shown that with a decrease in the working pressure, the character of the pressure distribution along the length of the ejector dramatically changes. The provision is added that the most optimal mode for a liquid-gas ejector is the mode in which the process of mixing flows is completed directly in front of the diffuser-the optimal mode also depends on the magnitude of the working pressure. The results of experimental studies expand the possibilities of optimizing the flow part of ejectors for use in various pump and ejector technologies for SWAG in order to utilize associated petroleum gas and increase oil recovery. Based on the results of experimental studies presented in the article, the most suitable for the characteristics of the flow part of the ejector can be selected, including the length of its mixing chamber during operation with ESP units and pumping gas from the annulus into the tubing. © 2020, Neftyanoe Khozyaistvo. All rights reserved

Laboratory Researches of the Heavy Oil Displacement from the Russkoye Field’s Core Models at the SWAG Injection and Development of Technological Schemes of Pump-Ejecting Systems for the Water-Gas Mixtures Delivering

"Simultaneous water and gas" (SWAG) injection is the effective method of enhanced oil recovery. However, until recently the effect of SWAG in the development of heavy oil fields has been studied insufficiently. In the present study laboratory researches have confirmed that SWAG injection when 25% gas content in the mixture significantly increases the displacement efficiency of heavy oil with the viscosity 217 mPa*s of Russkoye deposit, compared with water flooding. It has allowed extending the effective application of SWAG as a non-thermal method of enhanced oil recovery more than twice. According to the results of laboratory experiments to pre-extracted and not extracted core material, it was found that the degree of hydrophobic pore surface, which depends on the adsorption of polar components of oil, significantly affect the oil displacement efficiency when SWAG implementing. It was established that SWAG at the optimum gas content is effective for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments. The values of the heavy oil displacement efficiency for the hydrophilic core material of Russkoye field are about 1.8 times higher than for hydrophobic. The technology for SWAG injection from the use of mono-block multistage pump-ejecting systems has been developed. The technology can significantly improve the systems efficiency and the process of water-gas mixtures delivering into injection wells. The obtained results allow creating non-thermal energy-efficient methods for developing and improving oil recovery of heavy oil fields

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НАСОСНО-ЭЖЕКТОРНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ ВОДОГАЗОВОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ НА ПЛАСТ И УТИЛИЗАЦИИ ПОПУТНОГО ГАЗА НА САМОДУРОВСКОМ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИИ

The paper analyzes the operating experience of the pump-ejecting system for SWAG injection at the Samodurovskoye field of PJSC Orenburgneft. The results of previously performed theoretical and experimental studies were confirmed. The pump-ejecting system operated steadily in various modes; there were no disruptions in the delivery of ejectors and pumps. At the same time, the operating experience of the system made it possible to outline measures to improve not only the equipment, but also the technology of SWAG injection with using of pump-ejecting systems.В работе приведен анализ опыта эксплуатации насосно-эжекторной системы для водогазового воздействия на Самодуровском месторождении ПАО «Оренбургнефть». Подтверждены результаты выполненных ранее теоретических и экспериментальных исследований. Насосно-эжекторная система устойчиво работала в различных режимах, срывов подачи эжекторов и насосов не было. Вместе с тем опыт эксплуатации системы позволил наметить мероприятия по совершенствованию не только техники, но и самой технологии водогазового воздействия на пласт с применением насосно-эжекторных систем

Optimization of Flow Diagrams of Multiphase Pump-Ejector Systems for Improving Their Operational Efficiency with Combined Oil and Gas Gathering

It is shown that the primary cause of inefficient operation of multiphase pump-ejector systems installed in oil fields for combined oil and gas gathering is that not only associated (casing-head) gas, but also oil recovered incidentally with water enters the receiving chambers of jet apparatuses. Even under the current operation conditions, the power consumption at DNS-0122 Sofinskaya booster-type pumping plant can be reduced more than twofold by utilizing the existing infrastructure to the maximum and optimizing the flow diagrams of the pump-ejector system where the functions of submersible centrifugal pumps and jet apparatuses are separated. In future development, the pump-ejector system could be provided with an additional ejector, which will allow effective integration of straight-flow and circulatory schemes

Prospects of Development of Jet Pump's Well Operation Technology in Russia

Oil production with submersible jet pump's installations can successfully solve many problems of well's operation in the complicated conditions. However, this technology, unfortunately, is not widely used in Russia. The purpose of this work is the study and improving of the oil production technology with jet pumps, and developing of recommendations for its effective application. The analysis of the field experience of implementation has shown that, despite the achievements, the effectiveness of the known systems of oil jet pumps production is currently low. To solve this problem, various methods have been developed. One is the well operation with jet pumps driven by electric submersible pump (ESP), located in the bore pit, which is also the storage capacity and phase separator. The use of ESP, which is located in the bore pit, can significantly improve the reliability of the hydraulic drive of jet pumps in compare to the power plunger pumps. It is necessary to achieve the best balance between ESP energy cost and efficiency of jet pumps. To optimize the system of oil production and achieve the highest efficiency of the jet operation of wells were developed methods and programs of software equipment selection and analysis, combined in a single software product. It allows select the most energy-efficient equipment and design the best system for the jet operation well cluster using ESP as a power unit deflated in bore pit. The developed method of jet pump selection and the calculation of ESP mode allows make a choice of the most suitable equipment for the jet operation of wells, including the power unit with the ESP and to increase the efficiency of the entire system. There is another method of the technology of development, research and operation of complicated wells with jet pumps driven by the mobile power pumping complex. Designed and manufactured mobile automated power station equipped with instruments to measure downhole pressures and temperatures, the operating fluid consumption and the well production rates. The station has successfully passed bench tests. The algorithms incorporated in this automated control system allow correctly handle the field information and set the optimal conditions of use. A new technology has been suggested to use surface jet pumps for pumping out gas from the annulus and directing it with water into the injection wells. This technology is designed to increase oil production by reducing the annulus pressure and enhance oil recovery by SWAG injection. Copyright 2015, Society of Petroleum Engineers

Разработка схем промысловых стендов для испытаний скважинных насосов при откачке жидкости и газа

The operation of submersible centrifugal pumps is currently the main method of oil production in Russia. Most wells equipped with submersible pumps are operated at inlet pressures, lower saturation pressures, and a mixture of liquid and gas enters the pump. Increasing of submersible pumps efficiency when pumping liquid and gas is one of the important areas of research in artificial lift methods. When developing new types of submersible equipment for efficient pumping of gas-liquid mixtures, bench tests of the characteristics of experimental pump samples are necessary. For a more complete approximation to real operating conditions, it is advisable to use field benches with the possibility of investigating the characteristics of pumps when pumping out well production. Therefore, an important practical task is the development of schematic diagrams of field benches that provide adequate modeling of well conditions when pumping liquid and gas by submersible pumps. In this paper, two schemes of benches are presented. One of the proposed basic hydraulic circuits involves placing an experimental pump sample on the surface of the earth near the wellhead of the production well. This bench can be made in the mobile version and move if necessary from one well to another. For testing, it is advisable to select wells with different water cuttings of the liquid. In another developed schematic diagram, a field test bench for testing the characteristics of pumps is located on a preliminary water discharge facility. It is also possible to carry out tests on a field bench with regulation of not only gas content but also water cut. It is shown that the problem of pump operation in wells and testing on field benches at high gas contents is relevant not only for the oil industry, but also for the gas industry. In the process of watering the gas deposits, a mechanism of water-alternated-gas effect (WAG) can be manifested as the main factor for extracting a part of condensate deposited in the reservoir. Therefore, the mechanized operation of watered gas condensate wells with submersible pumps will make it possible to realize WAG in the formation, not only with an increase in gas production, but also with an increase in the condensate recovery of reservoirs.Эксплуатация установками электроцентробежных насосов (УЭЦН) в настоящее время основной способ добычи нефти в России. Большинство скважин, оборудованных погружными насосами, эксплуатируется при давлениях у входа, меньших давления насыщения, и в насос поступает смесь жидкости и газа. Повышение эффективности работы скважинных насосов при откачке жидкости и газа — это одно из важных направлений исследований в области механизированной добычи. В статье представлены две схемы стендов. Одна из предложенных принципиальных гидравлических схем предусматривает размещение экспериментального образца насоса на поверхности земли вблизи устья добывающей скважины. Данный стенд может быть выполнен в мобильном варианте и перемещаться при необходимости с одной скважины на другую. Для испытаний целесообразно подбирать скважины с различной обводненностью жидкости. В другой схеме промысловый стенд для исследований характеристик насосов располагается на установке предварительного сброса воды. При этом возможно проведение испытаний на промысловом стенде с регулированием не только газосодержания, но и обводненности

Fuzzy logic application approach in control of automatic spacecraft

The increasing complexity and variety of tasks, the solution of which is placed on automatic systems, have recently determined an increased need for control systems with as much as possible universal properties. However, none of the currently existing approaches to building control systems — neither the theory of automatic control, nor artificial neural networks, nor other technologies, pos­sess the necessary universality. On the other hand, there is confidence in the possibility of constructing systems with the desired properties, which is based on fuzzy controllers. The main method of which is fuzzy logic and soft measure­ment. The use of soft measurement approaches implies the replacement of hard deter­ministic methods for determining the parameters and characteristics of a system or object by their tracking probability estimate. To obtain the most reliable re­sults, it is necessary to conduct long-term monitoring, taking into account the state of not only the object itself, but also the external environment. Fuzzy mod­eling provides effective methods and tools for studying systems in the event of insufficient or uncertainty of knowledge about the system under study, when ob­taining the required information is a difficult, time-consuming, expensive or im­possible task. Fuzzy neural networks or hybrid networks are designed to combine the ad­vantages of neural networks and fuzzy inference systems. On the one hand, they allow developing and presenting system models in the form of fuzzy production rules, which have clarity and simplicity of meaningful interpretation, on the oth­er hand, the capabilities of neural networks are used to construct fuzzy produc­tion rules. \ Such systems not only use a priori information, but can acquire new knowledge and are logically transparent to the user. This paper presents an overview possibility of fuzzy logic and soft measurement in control of automatic spacecraft. © 2020, Univelt Inc. All rights reserved