Reading problems of the bottom third: grades one through six

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

The Iowa Homemaker vol.23, no.7

Keeping Up With Today, Margaret Ralston, page 2 Lunch Program Expands, Doris Ann Gregg, page 3 Plan for Post-War Service, Patricia O’Connell, page 4 Medicine from Mold, Helen James, page 5 Home Front Organizers, Mary Elizabeth Lush, page 6 Graduates Report by Mail, Dorothy Drown, page 7 What’s New in Home Economics, Lily Houseman, page 8 Good Posture Makes Good Sense, Lila Mae Hummel, page 10 Child Training, Doris Rystrom and Jane Gardner, page 11 Your Best Foot Forward, Jean Miller, page 12 A Housemaking Teacher Talks Shop, Betty A. Brady, page 13 Wartime Decision, Doris Gugeler, page 14 Alums in the News, Rachel Ann Lusher, page 15 Across Alumnae Desks, Virginia Carter, page 1

DNA Methylation Profiles Suggest Intergenerational Transfer of Maternal Effects

The view of maternal effects (nongenetic maternal environmental influence on offspring phenotype) has changed from one of distracting complications in evolutionary genetics to an important evolutionary mechanism for improving offspring fitness. Recent studies have shown that maternal effects act as an adaptive mechanism to prepare offspring for stressful environments. Although research into the magnitude of maternal effects is abundant, the molecular mechanisms of maternal influences on offspring phenotypic variation are not fully understood. Despite recent work identifying DNA methylation as a potential mechanism of nongenetic inheritance, currently proposed links between DNA methylation and parental effects are indirect and primarily involve genomic imprinting. We combined a factorial breeding design and gene-targeted sequencing methods to assess inheritance of methylation during early life stages at 14 genes involved in growth, development, metabolism, stress response, and immune function of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). We found little evidence for additive or nonadditive genetic effects acting on methylation levels during early development; however, we detected significant maternal effects. Consistent with conventional maternal effect data, maternal effects on methylation declined through development and were replaced with nonadditive effects when offspring began exogenous feeding. We mapped methylation at individual CpG sites across the selected candidate genes to test for variation in site-specific methylation profiles and found significant maternal effects at selected CpG sites that also declined with development stage. While intergenerational inheritance of methylated DNA is controversial, we show that CpG-specific methylation may function as an underlying molecular mechanism for maternal effects, with important implications for offspring fitness

The Iowa Homemaker vol.23, no.7

Keeping Up With Today, Margaret Ralston, page 2 Lunch Program Expands, Doris Ann Gregg, page 3 Plan for Post-War Service, Patricia O’Connell, page 4 Medicine from Mold, Helen James, page 5 Home Front Organizers, Mary Elizabeth Lush, page 6 Graduates Report by Mail, Dorothy Drown, page 7 What’s New in Home Economics, Lily Houseman, page 8 Good Posture Makes Good Sense, Lila Mae Hummel, page 10 Child Training, Doris Rystrom and Jane Gardner, page 11 Your Best Foot Forward, Jean Miller, page 12 A Housemaking Teacher Talks Shop, Betty A. Brady, page 13 Wartime Decision, Doris Gugeler, page 14 Alums in the News, Rachel Ann Lusher, page 15 Across Alumnae Desks, Virginia Carter, page 16</p

Domestic-wild hybridization to improve aquaculture performance in Chinook salmon

Salmon farming is one of Canada\u27s fastest growing industries and contributes to Canada\u27s economy as well as creating jobs in rural areas; however, the industry is challenged by the need to balance production economics against environmental impacts. While Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are the most commonly farmed species on the west coast of Canada, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are a valuable alternative, as they fill a niche market and generate reduced environmental concerns because they are a native species. However, Chinook salmon have not been systematically domesticated, and their performance remains highly variable. Here we report on the results of a research program designed to develop a performance-enhanced hybrid Chinook salmon stock. Growth and survival were estimated for seven domestic-wild hybrid Chinook salmon crosses at various freshwater stages and during 15 months of saltwater rearing at a British Columbia Chinook salmon farm and compared with domestic-domestic crosses (control). The project included 8640 individually (PIT) tagged offspring from the domestic stock and seven domestic-wild hybrid stocks originating from the Lower Fraser Valley, Lower Mainland Vancouver, and Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Within each stock, milt from 10 sires was used to fertilize eggs pooled from 15 highly inbred domestic females to produce 80 half-sib families. Our breeding design allows the partitioning of stock and sire effects, and minimises maternal genetic and maternal environment effects. Replicates of all families were reared under common environmental conditions in both fresh- and salt water and monitored for body size and survival. There was significant variation in survival, body size, and saltwater biomass among the Chinook salmon hybrid stocks. The performance of some of the hybrid crosses exceeded that of the fully domesticated stock, although the pattern of performance varied with rearing stage. Overall, two hybrid stocks consistently outperformed the domestic stock in terms of survival, growth, and biomass estimates. We systematically assess production performance across a wide range of wild-domestic hybrid crosses in a Pacific salmon species, and our results highlight opportunities to improve the production performance of Chinook salmon culture

Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation A Report From the GARFIELD-AF Registry

IMPORTANCE Congestive heart failure (CHF) is commonly associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and their combination may affect treatment strategies and outcomes