Classical reaction time and anticipation reaction time in a simple visual reaction time task

The purpose of the study was to investigate performance on anticipation reaction time and classical reaction time as a function of practice. In the anticipation reaction time condition, the foreperiod was held constant, while in the classical reaction time condition the foreperiod was varied. Three visual stimulus durations of 154 milliseconds, 204 milliseconds and 254 milliseconds respectively were used. The hypotheses investigated were: (1) there is no significant difference between frequencies tallied within each stimulus duration for the two reaction time tasks; (2) there is no significant difference in performance between the two reaction time tasks; (3) there is no significant difference in performance with variation in the length of stimulus duration, and (3) there is no significant difference between performance of different days. The sub-problems were: (1) to identify interaction between days, tasks and stimulus duration, and (2) to identify learning curves for the two tasks. Twelve male subjects with a mean age of nineteen years, enrolled at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, participated in the study. The experiment was conducted for four consecutive days. Each day 150 reaction times were recorded for each subject. This total of 150 trials was composed of three blocks of twenty-five trials for each task within each stimulus duration. After each trial, immediate visual feedback was given when reaction was either equal to, or shorter than the stimulus duration

Zinc Redistribution in a Soil Developed from Limestone During Pedogenesis

International audienceThe long-term redistribution of Zn in a naturally Zn-enriched soil during pedogenesis was quantified based on mass balance calculations. According to their fate, parent limestones comprised three Zn pools: bound to calcite and pyritesphalerite grains, bound to phyllosilicates and bound to goethite in the inherited phosphate nodules. Four pedological processes, i.e., carbonate dissolution, two stages of redox processes and eluviation, redistributed Zn during pedogenesis. The carbonate dissolution of limestones released Zn bound to calcite into soil solution. Due to residual enrichment, Zn concentrations in the soil are higher than those in parent limestones. Birnessite, ferrihydrite and goethite dispersed in soil horizon trapped high quantities of Zn during their formation. Afterwards, primary redox conditions induced the release of Zn and Fe into soil solution, and the subsequent individualization of Fe and Mn into Zn-rich concretions. Both processes and subsequent aging of the concretions formed induced significant exportation of Zn through the bottom water table. Secondary redox conditions promoted the weathering of Fe and Mn oxides in cements and concretions. This process caused other losses of Zn through lateral exportation in an upper water table. Concomitantly, eluviation occurred at the top of the solum. The lateral exportation of eluviated minerals through the upper water table limited illuviation. Eluviation was also responsible for Zn loss, but this Zn bound to phyllosilicates was not bioavailabl

Centre Alexandre-Koyré. Histoire des sciences et des techniques – CAK

Amy Dahan, directrice de recherche au CNRS Changement climatique, expertise et fabrications du futur : modèles et scénarios, politique et gouvernance Une série d’exposés sur la progression des travaux des doctorants et post-doc du groupe sur divers aspects des thématiques du séminaire. On a eu les exposés suivants : L’ascension de la conscience planétaire globale (1945-1970) par Élodie Vieille-Blanchard ; La forêt pousse bien dans la cité du carbone, par Mathieu Henry ; L’imaginaire de la vil..

Centre Alexandre-Koyré. Histoire des sciences et des techniques – CAK

Amy Dahan, directrice de recherche au CNRS Changement climatique, expertise et fabrications du futur : modèles et scénarios, politique et gouvernance Une série d’exposés sur la progression des travaux des doctorants et post-doc du groupe sur divers aspects des thématiques du séminaire. On a eu les exposés suivants : L’ascension de la conscience planétaire globale (1945-1970) par Élodie Vieille-Blanchard ; La forêt pousse bien dans la cité du carbone, par Mathieu Henry ; L’imaginaire de la vil..

Improvement of the Trivalent Inactivated Flu Vaccine Using PapMV Nanoparticles

Commercial seasonal flu vaccines induce production of antibodies directed mostly towards hemaglutinin (HA). Because HA changes rapidly in the circulating virus, the protection remains partial. Several conserved viral proteins, e.g., nucleocapsid (NP) and matrix proteins (M1), are present in the vaccine, but are not immunogenic. To improve the protection provided by these vaccines, we used nanoparticles made of the coat protein of a plant virus (papaya mosaic virus; PapMV) as an adjuvant. Immunization of mice and ferrets with the adjuvanted formulation increased the magnitude and breadth of the humoral response to NP and to highly conserved regions of HA. They also triggered a cellular mediated immune response to NP and M1, and long-lasting protection in animals challenged with a heterosubtypic influenza strain (WSN/33). Thus, seasonal flu vaccine adjuvanted with PapMV nanoparticles can induce universal protection to influenza, which is a major advancement when facing a pandemic

Interprofessional collaborative practice within cancer teams: Translating evidence into action. A mixed methods study protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A regional integrated cancer network has implemented a program (educational workshops, reflective and mentoring activities) designed to support the uptake of evidence-informed interprofessional collaborative practices (referred to in this text as EIPCP) within cancer teams. This research project, which relates to the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO) Best Practice Guidelines and other sources of research evidence, represents a unique opportunity to learn more about the factors and processes involved in the translation of evidence-based recommendations into professional practices. The planned study seeks to address context-specific challenges and the concerns of nurses and other stakeholders regarding the uptake of evidence-based recommendations to effectively promote and support interprofessional collaborative practices.</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>This study aims to examine the uptake of evidence-based recommendations from best practice guidelines intended to enhance interprofessional collaborative practices within cancer teams.</p> <p>Design</p> <p>The planned study constitutes a practical trial, defined as a trial designed to provide comprehensive information that is grounded in real-world healthcare dynamics. An exploratory mixed methods study design will be used. It will involve collecting quantitative data to assess professionals' knowledge and attitudes, as well as practice environment factors associated with effective uptake of evidence-based recommendations. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted concurrently with care providers to gather qualitative data for describing the processes involved in the translation of evidence into action from both the users' (n = 12) and providers' (n = 24) perspectives. The Graham <it>et al. </it>Ottawa Model of Research Use will serve to construct operational definitions of concepts, and to establish the initial coding labels to be used in the thematic analysis of the qualitative data. Quantitative and qualitative results will be merged during interpretation to provide complementary perspectives of interrelated contextual factors that enhance the uptake of EIPCP and changes in professional practices.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The information obtained from the study will produce new knowledge on the interventions and sources of support most conducive to the uptake of evidence and building of capacity to sustain new interprofessional collaborative practice patterns. It will provide new information on strategies for overcoming barriers to evidence-informed interventions. The findings will also pinpoint critical determinants of 'what works and why' taking into account the interplay between evidence, operational, relational micro-processes of care, uniqueness of patients' needs and preferences, and the local context.</p

Un système pour l’analyse du temps actif d’intervention positive

Afin de mieux isoler les feed-back positifs, spécifiques et personnalisés, les auteurs proposent une grille pour analyser les comportements verbaux des enseignants et pour faire ressortir le feed-back, son contenu, son destinataire et sa direction. Construite pour l’éducation physique, la grille peut être utilisée pour d’autres disciplines. Les auteurs présentent les fondements théoriques de leur approche et les qualités métrologiques de la grille.In order to better isolate the system of positive feedback, both specific and personalized, the authors propose a systematic chart for analyzing the verbal behavior of teachers and for specifying the feedback, its content, its recipient, and its direction. Although this system was initially constructed for physical education activities, it can be used in other disciplines. The authors present the theoretical framework of their approach and the validity and reliability data for this system.Con el objecto de mejor aislar los feed-back positivos, especificos y personalizados, los autores proponen una pauta para analizar las conductas verbales de los profesores y para hace resaltar el feed-back, su contenido, su destinatario y su dirección. Esta pauta puede ser utilizada por otras disciplinas aunque haya sido construída para la educación fisica. Los autores presentan los fundamentos teóricos de su enfoque y las calidades metrológicas de la pauta.Um positive, spezifische und personalisierte Arten von Feedback besser aussondern zu können, schlagen die Verfasser eine Tabelle zur Analyse der verbalen Verhaltensweisen der Lehrkräfte vor, die auch das Feedback selbst, seinen Inhalt, seinen Empfänger und seine Richtung herausstellen kann. Zwar wurde sie für den Unterricht in Körpererziehung erstellt, doch kann diese Tabelle für andere Fächer verwendet werden. Die Verfasser zeigen die theoretischen Grundlagen ihrer Methode und die metrologischen Eigenschaften der Tabelle auf