A hard nodule of the upper lip

In this case report, we present a pleomorphic adenoma that presented as a hard nodule on the upper lip in a man in his 30s. Differential diagnosis is necessary, as there are multiple causes of a nodule in the lip. The nodule was excised extracapsularly and a histopathological examination was performed. Although the tumor was found to be benign, there is a risk of late malignant conversion, which underscores the importance of prompt treatment

Endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with two palatal roots: A case report.

This case report describes the endodontic treatment of a maxillary first molar with two palatal roots. Both of the palatal canals had separate canal orifices and separate foramina. A cone beam computed tomography scan was taken prior to treatment to visualise any abnormalities seen on a periapical radiograph. The shaping procedure of the root canal treatment was performed using reciprocating instruments. The obturation was performed using matched gutta percha points and a resin based sealer in a warm vertical compaction manner. Complete bone healing of the periapical area was visualised on intra-oral radiographs taken one year after the treatment. No canals were unfilled nor untreated.status: publishe

A 16-year retrospective study of vascular anomalies in the head and neck region

Abstract Summary Depending on the diagnostic modality, the classification of vascular anomalies varies and so does the nomenclature. The ‘International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies’ (ISSVA) is the most widely accepted classification in the literature and is mainly based on the radiologic and clinical presentation. The aim of this article is to review the clinical practice of diagnosis and treatment of vascular anomalies in the head and neck region in a university hospital, with special focus on the nomenclature. All patients with a vascular anomaly presenting to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery were reviewed in a retrospective manner. Nomenclature, diagnostic process, lesion characteristics, treatment and outcome were examined. The lesions were (re)classified according to the ISSVA classification. A total of 185 patients were identified, of which 12.4% (n = 23) had a congenital anomaly. After reclassification, the most common lesions were venous malformations (n = 47, 25.4%), followed by lobular capillary hemangiomas (n = 17, 9.2%). A group of 39 anomalies could not be further specified. One hundred and one patients (54,6%) received treatment, of which 93 were treated surgically (92,1% of treated patients). Endovascular treatment was considered in 41 patients but applied in only eight. This strict selection led to a low a complication rate. We provide an overview of the clinical practice in the management of vascular anomalies in a university hospital. The histology report is a source of miscommunication because clinicians use the ISSVA classification, while pathologists use the WHO classification. Every professional involved should be aware of the differences in classification and nomenclature

Deletion or Inhibition of the Oxygen Sensor PHD1 Protects against Ischemic Stroke via Reprogramming of Neuronal Metabolism

The oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs) regulate cellular metabolism, but their role in neuronal metabolism during stroke is unknown. Here we report that PHD1 deficiency provides neuroprotection in a murine model of permanent brain ischemia. This was not due to an increased collateral vessel network. Instead, PHD1(-/-) neurons were protected against oxygen-nutrient deprivation by reprogramming glucose metabolism. Indeed, PHD1(-/-) neurons enhanced glucose flux through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway by diverting glucose away from glycolysis. As a result, PHD1(-/-) neurons increased their redox buffering capacity to scavenge oxygen radicals in ischemia. Intracerebroventricular injection of PHD1-antisense oligonucleotides reduced the cerebral infarct size and neurological deficits following stroke. These data identify PHD1 as a regulator of neuronal metabolism and a potential therapeutic target in ischemic stroke.publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Deletion or Inhibition of the Oxygen Sensor PHD1 Protects against Ischemic Stroke via Reprogramming of Neuronal Metabolism journaltitle: Cell Metabolism articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2015.12.007 content_type: article copyright: Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.status: publishe

Deletion or Inhibition of the Oxygen Sensor PHD1 Protects against Ischemic Stroke via Reprogramming of Neuronal Metabolism

The oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs) regulate cellular metabolism, but their role in neuronal metabolism during stroke is unknown. Here we report that PHD1 deficiency provides neuroprotection in a murine model of permanent brain ischemia. This was not due to an increased collateral vessel network. Instead, PHD1(-/-) neurons were protected against oxygen-nutrient deprivation by reprogramming glucose metabolism. Indeed, PHD1(-/-) neurons enhanced glucose flux through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway by diverting glucose away from glycolysis. As a result, PHD1(-/-) neurons increased their redox buffering capacity to scavenge oxygen radicals in ischemia. Intracerebroventricular injection of PHD1-antisense oligonucleotides reduced the cerebral infarct size and neurological deficits following stroke. These data identify PHD1 as a regulator of neuronal metabolism and a potential therapeutic target in ischemic stroke