1,061 research outputs found
The factors which influence the selection of physical targets by terrorist groups
The aim of terrorism is to influence a group of people
or institutions - the psychological target or targets - by
attacking the appropriate physical targets in order to prompt
the desired response. Several factors influence the selection
of physical targets by non-state terrorist groups. These
include the ideology of the terrorist group concerned, the
strategy adopted by the group and its capabilities, its need
to take account of external opinion - including that of
supporters, the measures adopted to protect likely targets,
and the security environment within which the terrorist group
operates. In addition, decision-making is affected by the
dynamics within the group which are in turn affected by the
psychological pressures of clandestinity and the frequent
risk of death or capture which many terrorists run.
The relationship between these factors varies from
group to group, which is inevitable given the idiosyncratic
nature of most terrorist groups, and the different
circumstances in which they find themselves. However, it can
generally be said that ideology sets out the moral framework
within which terrorists operate - and which determines
whether terrorists judge it to be legitimate to attack a
range of target. After this, the determination of which
targets it will actually be beneficial to attack depends upon
the strategy which the group has adopted as a means of
achieving its political objectives. The determination of
their strategic objectives depends upon the effects which the
terrorists hope their attacks will achieve. Thus, strategy
further refines the range of targets initially delimited by
the group's ideology.
The other factors mentioned tend to act as constraints
upon the group, partly - as with security measures - in
restricting them from carrying out the types of attacks which
they would desire but also in encouraging them to carry out
attacks on certain targets in the hope of gaining benefits
such as the approval of their supporters, or of gaining
publicity for their cause. Underlying all of this is the
human factor, whereby relations within the group, the impact
of psychological pressure, and individual differences in
moral judgements may influence the targets chosen by
terrorists
Implementation of the Guidance Program in the Elementary and Junior High Schools Taylorville, Illinois
Charles Drake-Long to Mr. James Meredith (Undated)
https://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_pro/1675/thumbnail.jp
The Colour of Time: Head Pots and Temporal Convergences
Colour symbolism permeated the world of indigenous North America. This symbolism was often tied to the cosmos where the earth was viewed as a quadrilateral disk and each of the four cardinal directions was linked with a colour array such as red, white, black, and blue. We suggest that the recurring use of certain colours and colour contrasts comprised a suite of long-term historical practices that were essential for reproducing certain views about the world and about being in the world. Further, the rendering of colour had a plasticity that allowed it to enter a discourse about daily life that was intertwined with notions of the long-term. As a case study, we focus on well-known ceramic head effigies in the central Mississippi Valley to argue that their veneers of contrasting red and white were imbued with a notion of time immemorial that converged with other conceptions of temporality, most importantly, a pressing concern with regional violence, personal safety, and spiritual integrity
A Bayesian approach for energy-based estimation of acoustic aberrations in high intensity focused ultrasound treatment
High intensity focused ultrasound is a non-invasive method for treatment of
diseased tissue that uses a beam of ultrasound to generate heat within a small
volume. A common challenge in application of this technique is that
heterogeneity of the biological medium can defocus the ultrasound beam. Here we
reduce the problem of refocusing the beam to the inverse problem of estimating
the acoustic aberration due to the biological tissue from acoustic radiative
force imaging data. We solve this inverse problem using a Bayesian framework
with a hierarchical prior and solve the inverse problem using a
Metropolis-within-Gibbs algorithm. The framework is tested using both synthetic
and experimental datasets. We demonstrate that our approach has the ability to
estimate the aberrations using small datasets, as little as 32 sonication
tests, which can lead to significant speedup in the treatment process.
Furthermore, our approach is compatible with a wide range of sonication tests
and can be applied to other energy-based measurement techniques
Ethics for Information Resource Management: The Role of Objective Ethical Standards in Decision-Making
Recent Legal Literature
Brown: The Austinian Theory of Law; Schuster: the Principles of German Civil La
Group-Based Participatory Arts Interventions Validate Personhood for those Living with Dementia
Participatory arts-based interventions for people living with dementia involve the collaborative creation and performance of poetry, story, song, dance, and visual arts. These programs are designed to support self-expression and productive collaboration among people living with dementia while stimulating positive social interactions and feelings of empowerment and validation. In this commentary, we explore the use and potential benefits of validation in the implementation of person-centered participatory arts interventions in the context of dementia care. We offer a novel framework for understanding validation as a common intervention method during these activities, organized into five themes: collaboration, connection, communication, creation, and confirmation. These validation opportunities are suggested to offer direct benefits for participants as well as indirect benefits when modeled in the presence of formal care providers and family members. Clinicians and other transdisciplinary care providers are encouraged to understand, use, and teach these and other validation-focused arts interventions with persons living with dementia
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