Development and characterization of novel films based on sulfonamide-chitosan derivatives for potential wound dressing

The objective of this study was to develop new films based on chitosan functionalized with sulfonamide drugs (sulfametoxydiazine, sulfadiazine, sulfadimetho-xine, sulfamethoxazol, sulfamerazine, sulfizoxazol) in order to enhance the biological effects of chitosan. The morphology and physical properties of functionalized chitosan films as well the antioxidant effects of sulfonamide-chitosan derivatives were investigated. The chitosan-derivative films showed a rough surface and hydrophilic properties, which are very important features for their use as a wound dressing. The film based on chitosan-sulfisoxazol (CS-S6) showed the highest swelling ratio (197%) and the highest biodegradation rate (63.04%) in comparison to chitosan film for which the swelling ratio was 190% and biodegradation rate was only 10%. Referring to the antioxidant effects the most active was chitosan-sulfamerazine (CS-S5) which was 8.3 times more active than chitosan related to DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging ability. This compound showed also a good ferric reducing power and improved total antioxidant capacity

The Evolution of Depressive Disorders in Children with History of Tuberculosis (Clinical Study in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic in Romania)

The Covid-19 pandemic has transformed the world since the beginning of 2020 and has produced many changes in key aspects of healthcare delivery. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has been seen as the promoter of many dramatic changes, especially in the medical field, having a huge impact on health systems around the world. Both patients and healthcare professionals have been subjected to a new stress factor that has resonated strongly in everyday life. This leads to an increased risk of association of psychological disorders, especially for patients suffering from chronic diseases, as they have already had a history of psycho-vulnerability. Patients with known chronic pathologies therefore have several concerns about important issues in the future, therefore, they are associated with an increased risk of occurrence of psychological phenomena. The present research represents an observational study, with a prospective case-witness type, carried out over a period of 2 years, between 2019 and 2020. The patients included in this research are part of the databases of the Children’s Pneumology Department of “Sfântul Spiridon” Pneumoftiziology Hospital of Galati and in the TB (Tuberculosis) Clinics in Galati County, being patients diagnosed and treated in these departments. We aimed to study the association between the presence of tuberculosis and depressive disorders reported in children aged 7-18 years, during 2019 and 2020 and in addition, to expose the results of the psychological effects of the pandemic on these chronic patients. We finally hypothesized that depression, but also the symptoms associated with them, will have a significantly higher incidence among patients with tuberculosis during the Covid pandemic.</p

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 2-Azetidinones with Sulfonamide Structures

New series of N-(arylidene)hydrazinoacetyl sulfonamides 4a1–6, 4b1–6 and N-(4-aryl-3-chloro-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl)aminoacetyl sulfonamides 5a1–6, 5b1–6 were synthesized. The structures of the new derivatives was confirmed using spectral methods (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). The antibacterial activities of these compounds against Gram positive (Staphyloccoccus aureus ATCC 6583, Staphyloccoccus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 25912) and Gram negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae CIP 53153, Proteus vulgaris CIP 104989, Citrobacter freundii CIP 5732, Enterobacter cloacae CIP 103475, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIP 82118) bacterial strains were evaluated using the broth micro-dilution method. Compound 4a2 displayed the highest antibacterial activity, especially against Staphyloccoccus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antioxidant potential of the synthesized compounds was also investigated according to ferric reducing power, total antioxidant activity and DPPH radical scavenging assays. All tested compounds showed excellent antioxidant activity in comparison with sulfadiazine and sulfisoxazole which were used as parent sulfonamides. Moreover, some of them showed an antioxidant activity comparable with that of ascorbic acid. In general, the compounds designed based on a sulfadiazine skeleton (compounds 4a1–6, 5a1–6) are more active than those obtained from sulfisoxazole (compounds 4b1–6, 5b1–6), and the N-(arylidene)hydrazinoacetyl sulfonamide derivatives 4a1–6, 4b1–6 are more active than their azetidionone analogues 5a1–6, 5b1–6

The population of the Roman Dacia : anthroponymic and prosopographical study

Parmi les provinces romaines, la Dacie, par son emplacement aux confins des civilisations grecque et latine, a abrité une population cosmopolite, caractérisée par le multilinguisme et le multiculturalisme, pour laquelle le latin et le mode de vie romain ont joué un rôle de catalyseur. En l’absence des investissements coûteux dans les projets archéologiques, l’onomastique a su suppléer avec succès les résultats des fouilles, en fournissant un matériel fertile qui complète le tableau historique de la province et qui redonne une image assez fidèle de ses habitants. L’essor des études onomastiques dans l’après guerre, la transformation de l’onomastique de science auxiliaire de l’histoire en science autonome, s’est traduit en Roumanie par une série d’enquêtes qui essayent de reconstituer, au moins partiellement, des anciennes langues aujourd’hui disparues (l’illyrien, le thrace) à partir de leurs uniques vestiges : les noms propres. Suivant la tradition de l’époque, les ouvrages désormais classiques de I. I Russu ne retiennent que les aspects linguistiques, la morphologie et l’étymologie des noms, dans l’esprit des études indo-européennes qui dominaient alors l’historiographie occidentale. Dans ce sillage, les auteurs qui ont suivi, ont adopté la même perspective philologique qu’ils ont enrichie plus récemment par des études prosopographiques, mais leurs travaux restent ponctuels, limités à une certaine communauté ethnique, à une catégorie sociale ou bien à la population des grandes villes. De là naît le besoin d’un projet plus étendu qui porte sur l’ensemble de la province et qui, tout en tenant compte du caractère interdisciplinaire de l’onomastique, traite à la fois de la position des noms dans le système de la langue et des aspects légaux, politiques et sociaux révélés par les anthroponymes. Dans cette thèse je vise à étudier, de manière critique et détaillée, l’anthroponymie de la Dacie Romaine, en complétant l’enquête prosopographique tournée vers les aspects sociaux par une approche philologique. Les deux jalons chronologiques que j’ai choisi pour encadrer mon ouvrage, seront l’an 106, la date de la défaite des Daces face à Rome, comme terminus post quem, et 271 année qui marque conventionnellement la fin du gouvernement romain en Dacie.L’onomastique de la Dacie est marquée par des influences multiples : influence politique (gentilices ajoutés), religieuse (théophores), ethnique (noms « barbares), influence du milieu militaire (noms latins), de la culture classique (noms grecs), des pratiques étrangères (noms celtes). Il n’y a pas une influence dominante, pareil à la romanisation, l’onomastique telle qu’elle nous a été conservée est un produit entièrement nouveau, née de l’intersection de tous les usages que les habitants de la province ont fait des noms.By virtue of its location on the borders of Latin and Greek civilizations, Dacia, one of the Roman provinces, housed a cosmopolitan population. This cosmopolitanism was characterized by multilingualism and multiculturalism, with the Latin language and the Roman lifestyle acting as catalysts. Despite the absence of much investment in archaeological projects, onomastic studies successfully compensated for the lack of excavation. Onomastics provided rich material, filling in the historical picture of the province (the history of the province), and giving a fairly accurate impression of its inhabitants. The sudden growth of onomastic studies in the postwar period and their transformation from an ancillary science of history to a science in its own right, was reflected in Romanian historiography in a series of studies that attempted to reconstruct ancient languages (Illyrian, Thracian), at least partially, through their unique remains: proper names. The classic work of I.I. Russu focuses only on linguistic aspects, morphology and etymology of names, following the scientific practice of the time, in the wake of the domination of Western historiography by Indo-European studies. The followers of this line of investigation continued to adopt a philological perspective, which has been recently enriched by a prosopographic approach. Yet, such investigations remain limited to a specific ethnic community, a social group or the population of large cities. Hence the need for a larger project that studies the onomastics of the whole province, and (given the interdisciplinary nature of onomastics) that investigates the position of a name in a language as well as the legal, political or social aspects revealed by anthroponyms. In this thesis I study, in a detailed and critical manner, the onomastics of Roman Dacia, and to the prosopographical investigation, usually oriented toward social aspects, I add a philological perspective. The two chronological milestones that I have chosen for my study are 106 A.D., the date of the final defeat of the Dacians as terminus post quem, and 271 A.D., the conventional date marking the abandonment of the Dacian provinces as a case of terminus ante quem.Dacian onomastics is marked by multiple influences: political (added gentile names), religious (theophoric names), ethnic ("barbarian" names), and the influences of the military milieu (Latin onomastics), of classical culture (Greek names) and of foreign onomastic practices (Celtic names). There is no single dominant influence: in the form in which it has been preserved, onomastics, like Romanization, is a completely new product, born at the intersection of all the uses that the inhabitants of the province gave to proper names

Designing of Chitosan Derivatives Nanoparticles with Antiangiogenic Effect for Cancer Therapy

Angiogenesis is a physiological process involving the growth of new blood vessels, which provides oxygen and required nutrients for the development of various pathological conditions. In a tumor microenvironment, this process upregulates the growth and proliferation of tumor cells, thus any stage of angiogenesis can be a potential target for cancer therapies. In the present study, chitosan and his derivatives have been used to design novel polymer-based nanoparticles. The therapeutic potential of these newly designed nanoparticles has been evaluated. The antioxidant and MTT assays were performed to know the antioxidant properties and their biocompatibility. The in vivo antiangiogenic properties of the nanoparticles were evaluated by using a chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) model. The obtained results demonstrate that chitosan derivatives-based nanostructures strongly enhance the therapeutic effect compared to chitosan alone, which also correlates with antitumor activity, demonstrated by the in vitro MTT assay on human epithelial cervical Hep-2 tumor cells. This study opens up new direction for the use of the chitosan derivatives-based nanoparticles for designing of antiangiogenic nanostructured materials, for future cancer therapy

Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan and Its Derivatives: A Concise Review

Despite the advantages presented by synthetic polymers such as strength and durability, the lack of biodegradability associated with the persistence in the environment for a long time turned the attention of researchers to natural polymers. Being biodegradable, biopolymers proved to be extremely beneficial to the environment. At present, they represent an important class of materials with applications in all economic sectors, but also in medicine. They find applications as absorbers, cosmetics, controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, etc. Chitosan is one of the natural polymers which raised a strong interest for researchers due to some exceptional properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, non-antigenicity, low-cost and numerous pharmacological properties as antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant, antidiabetic, immunoenhancing. In addition to this, the free amino and hydroxyl groups make it susceptible to a series of structural modulations, obtaining some derivatives with different biomedical applications. This review approaches the physico-chemical and pharmacological properties of chitosan and its derivatives, focusing on the antimicrobial potential including mechanism of action, factors that influence the antimicrobial activity and the activity against resistant strains, topics of great interest in the context of the concern raised by the available therapeutic options for infections, especially with resistant strains

New isoniazid derivatives with improved pharmaco-toxicological profile: Obtaining, characterization and biological evaluation

Tuberculostatic drugs are the most common drug groups with global hepatotoxicity. Awareness of potentially severe hepatotoxic reactions is vital, as hepatic impairment can be a devastating and often fatal condition. The treatment problems that may arise, within this class of medicines, are mainly of two types: adverse reactions (collateral, toxic or hypersensitive reactions) and the initial or acquired resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to one or more antituberculosis drugs. Prevention of adverse reactions, increase treatment adherence and success rates, providing better control of tuberculosis (TB). In this regard, obtaining new drugs with low toxicity and high tuberculostatic potential is essential. Thus, in this work, we have designed or synthesized new derivatives of isoniazid (INH), such as new Isonicotinoylhydrazone (INH-a, INH-b and INH-c). These derivatives demonstrated good biocompatibility, antimicrobial property similar to that of parent isoniazid and last but not least, a significantly improved Pharmacotoxicological profile compared to that of isoniazid

The Synthesis and the Biological Evaluation of New Thiazolidin-4-one Derivatives Containing a Xanthine Moiety

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