Modeli upotrebe topološkog principa kontinualne deformacije u arhitektonskom projektantskom procesu

Architecture and geometry share a mutual history, and their relationship precedes the introduction of digital and computer technologies in architectural theory and design. Geometry has always been directly related to the modalities of thinking in architecture through the problems of conceptualisation, representation, building, technology. Through the historical overview of these two disciplines, it is possible to perceive direct influences of geometry on the architectural creative concepts, formal characteristics of architectural works, structural aspects, and building methods in architecture. However, the focus of this paper is not on the representation of historical intertwining of these two disciplines, which is indisputable, it is on the attempt to represent one specific bond between topology and architecture, firstly through the explanation of the principle of continuous deformability, and secondly through the representation of the models through which the principle occurs in the architectural design process, as well. The first part of this work will introduce and analyse the transition of concepts of continuity and deformability, from mathematical topology through philosophy to architecture, while the second part of the work will explain two models in detail, formal and systematic, through which the principle of continuous deformation is applied in certain architectural design practices. Overall, this work deals with the interpretation of the principle of continuous deformation in architecture and it shows in which way the architectural discourse changes the meaning of a mathematical-philosophical notion and turns it into a design methodology of its own. The subtlety of the question Bernard Tschumi asks about space illustrates the need to thoroughly investigate interdisciplinary relation between architecture, philosophy, and mathematics: "Is topology a mental construction toward a theory of space?" (Tschumi, 2004, p.49).Arhitektura i geometrija dele zajedničku istoriju, a njihov odnos prethodi pojavi digitalnih i kompjuterskih tehnologija u arhitektonskoj teoriji i stvaralaštvu. Geometrija je oduvek bila u direktnoj vezi sa modalitetima promišljanja u arhitekturi, kroz pitanja konceptualizacije, prikazivanja, građenja, tehnologije. Istorijskim pregledom odnosa ovih disciplina moguće je sagledati direktne uticaje geometrije na arhitektonske stvaralačke koncepte, formalne karakteristike arhitektonskih dela, konstruktivne aspekte, uticaj na metode građenja u arhitekturi. Međutim, fokus ovog rada nije na prikazu istorijskog prepleta ovih disciplina, koji je neosporan, već je pokušaj da se prikaže jedna specifična veza između topologije i arhitekture, najpre kroz objašnjenje principa kontinuirane deformabilnosti, a zatim i prikazom modela pomoću kojih se princip pojavljuje u projektantskom procesu. U prvom delu rada će se prikazati i analizirati tranzicija pojmova kontinuiteta i deformabilnosti od matematičke topologije, preko filozofije do arhitekture, dok će se u drugom delu detaljnije objasniti dva modela, formalni i sistemski, pomoću kojih se principi kontinualne deformacije apliciraju u pojedinim projektantskim praksama. Uopšteno, rad se bavi tumačenjem principa kontinualne deformacije u arhitekturi i prikazuje na koji način arhitektonski diskurs menja značenje jednog matematičko-filozofskog pojma i pretvara ga u spostvenu projektantsku metodologiju. Suptilnost pitanja o prostoru koje postavlja Bernard Tschumi najbolje govori o potrebi da se detaljno istraži interdisciplinarni odnos između arhitekture, filozofije i matematike:"Da li je topologija samo mentalna konstrukcija bliska teoriji prostora?"(Tschumi, 2004, p.49)

Идентификација пројектантске стратегије тополошког метода у савременој архитектури

The thesis deals with researching the role of topological method in the formation of contemporary design strategy, which began to develop in 1990’s and is still ongoing. Continuing a chronological line of mutual influences of architecture and geometry, where geometry is perceived as an inextricable part of the syntax of architectural space, the research focuses on the clarification of a specific position which mathematical topology takes within contemporary architectural discourse...Теза се бави истраживањем улоге тополошког метода у формирању савремене пројектантске стратегије, која почиње да се развија деведесетих година XX века и још увек је актуелна. Настављајући хронолошку линију међусобних утицаја архитектуре и геометрије, у којој се геометрија види као нераскидив део синтаксе архитектонског простора, истраживање се фокусира на разјашњење специфичне позиције коју математичкa топологија заузима унутар савременог архитектонског дискурса..

Identification of the design strategy based on the topological method in contemporary architecture.

Теза се бави истраживањем улоге тополошког метода у формирању савремене пројектантске стратегије, која почиње да се развија деведесетих година XX века и још увек је актуелна. Настављајући хронолошку линију међусобних утицаја архитектуре и геометрије, у којој се геометрија види као нераскидив део синтаксе архитектонског простора, истраживање се фокусира на разјашњење специфичне позиције коју математичкa топологија заузима унутар савременог архитектонског дискурса...The thesis deals with researching the role of topological method in the formation of contemporary design strategy, which began to develop in 1990’s and is still ongoing. Continuing a chronological line of mutual influences of architecture and geometry, where geometry is perceived as an inextricable part of the syntax of architectural space, the research focuses on the clarification of a specific position which mathematical topology takes within contemporary architectural discourse..

The topological principles in the contemporary architectural design process

Continuing a chronological line of mutual influences of architecture and geometry, where geometry is perceived as an inextricable part of the syntax of architectural space, this paper focuses on the clarification of a specific position which mathematical topology takes within contemporary architectural discourse. The understanding of topology within architectural design process is based on the mathematical theoretical framework in which the term of continuous deformation of geometric shapes is specified, whose subsequent occurrence in architectural creative work is linked to the increasing use of digital tools in design process and the shift of the dominant philosophical influences in architectural theoretical research. In order to completely perceive the topological method, the theoretical framework ranges between the area of architectural theory of form and architectural design theory, firstly through the explanation of three basic design principles of topological method: deformability, openness and continuity, and secondly through the representation of the models through which the principles occur in the architectural design process. The first part of this work will introduce and analyse the transition of concepts of deformability, openness and continuity, from mathematical topology through philosophy to architecture emphasizing the computational shift in architectural design, while the second part of the work will explain the modalities through which the principles are applied in several architectural design practices. Generally, the paper is conducted in order to determine whether the development of the topological method, as a creative tendency, resulted in forming a unique design strategy due to transformations and adaptations through some authorial design approaches. The topological method design strategy, which involves a complete design approach, is identified as a result of an in-depth research of distinguished methods through three case studies, taking into consideration the complexity of topology within the mathematical area and a complex transition towards the area of architectural theory. The final question returns to the primarily theoretical framework, seeking to set operating platform for development and use of three strategic principles, which simultaneously indicate the possible directions of future development

Scale on paper between technique and imagination. Example of Constant's drawing hypothesis

The procedure of scaling is one of the elemental routines in architectural drawing. Along with paper as a fundamental drawing material, scale is the architectural convention that follows the emergence of drawing in architecture from the Renaissance. This analysis is questioning the scaling procedure through the pasion of t=drawing in the conception process. Current theoretical researches on architectural drawing are underlining the paradigm change that occurred as a sudden swich from handmade to computer generated drawing. This change consequently influenced notions of drawing materiality, relations to scale and geometry. Developing the argument of scaling as a dual action, technical and imaginative, Constant's New Babylon drawing work is taken as an example to problematize the architect-project-object relational chain

UniCredit Banka – Nova strategija dizajna ekspozitura [42. Salon arhitekture]

Za potrebe definisanja novog koncepta prodajnog prostora UniCredit banke, realizovan je projekat enterijera ekspoziture UniCredit banke u Kragujevcu, koja značajnim izmenama u dizajnu ukazuje na pravac kojim će se u budućnosti razvijati ekspoziture ove banke. Nov koncept prostora poslovnice se oslanja na principe smart working-a, novog koncepta poslovanja koji omogućava fleksibilnost u svakodnevnim aktivnostima zaposlenih i posetilaca, a koje je UniCredit banka već primenila u svojim upravnim prostorijama. Oslanjajući se na analizu strategije korišćenja poslovnica u budućnosti, značajan deo prostorno funkcionalnog rešenja posvećen je zoni 24h, koja postaje prostranija, otvorenija i dostupnija korisnicima. Unutar druge zone, koja je pod striktnijim režimom rada, konceptom se odvaja neformalno okruženje za čekanje i brze poslove klijenata, od dela koji je namenjen radu sa operaterima. Vizuelni identitet prostora se gradi kroz odnos drveta, kao prirodnog materijala i upotrebe boje koja je karakteristična za prodajne prostore ovog tipa. Veća površina drveta u kombinaciji sa materijalima toplih nijansi crvene boje, čini da prostor svedenog dizajna izgleda toplo, što predstavlja značajan otklon od prethodnih rešenja ka udobnijem i pristupačnijem dizajnu. Poseban akcenat je dat konceptu osvetljenja, kojim se istovremeno ukazuje na putanje kretanja kroz prostorne celine, i naglašava dinamičan život prodajnog prostora poslovnice.photographer: Relja Ivani

Changes in quality characteristics of fresh blueberries: Combined effect of cultivar and storage conditions

The influences of two storage conditions (regular atmosphere-RA and modified-atmosphere packaging-MAP) and different storage time on fruit textural parameters, chemical composition, and total quality index (TQI) of two blueberry cultivars were investigated. Freshly harvested fruit of mid and late season cultivars (‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Liberty’, respectively) were placed in plastic punnets, packed into low-density polyethylene bags of 25 μm thickness with two perforations of 3 mm and stored at 2 ◦C and 90% relative humidity for 30 days, either in RA or in MAP. Changes in gas composition inside the package and fruit quality characteristics were analyzed at 10- day intervals during storage: 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. ‘Liberty’ was dominant over ‘Bluecrop’ in terms of hardness (428 g and 296 g, respectively), as well as individual and total sugars (100 and 76 g⋅kg–1, respectively), organic acids (19 and 12 g⋅kg–1, respectively) and most subclasses of phenolic compounds (anthocyanins, flavonols, and hydroxycinnamic acids). In addition, a novel mathematical index of TQI was introduced to compare all evaluated parameters in order to obtain a quantitative single score, as an indicator of overall fruit quality. ‘Liberty’ had the better TQI score in RA, whereas ‘Bluecrop’ behaved better in MAP. Accordingly, for longer storage of blueberry fruit MAP should not be assumed to be uniformly helpful, since the effect of storage duration in the specific type of atmosphere substantially depends on the proper cultivar selection

Changes in quality characteristics of fresh blueberries: Combined effect of cultivar and storage conditions

The influences of two storage conditions (regular atmosphere-RA and modified-atmosphere packaging-MAP) and different storage time on fruit textural parameters, chemical composition, and total quality index (TQI) of two blueberry cultivars were investigated. Freshly harvested fruit of mid and late season cultivars (‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Liberty’, respectively) were placed in plastic punnets, packed into low-density polyethylene bags of 25 μm thickness with two perforations of 3 mm and stored at 2 ◦C and 90% relative humidity for 30 days, either in RA or in MAP. Changes in gas composition inside the package and fruit quality characteristics were analyzed at 10- day intervals during storage: 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. ‘Liberty’ was dominant over ‘Bluecrop’ in terms of hardness (428 g and 296 g, respectively), as well as individual and total sugars (100 and 76 g⋅kg–1, respectively), organic acids (19 and 12 g⋅kg–1, respectively) and most subclasses of phenolic compounds (anthocyanins, flavonols, and hydroxycinnamic acids). In addition, a novel mathematical index of TQI was introduced to compare all evaluated parameters in order to obtain a quantitative single score, as an indicator of overall fruit quality. ‘Liberty’ had the better TQI score in RA, whereas ‘Bluecrop’ behaved better in MAP. Accordingly, for longer storage of blueberry fruit MAP should not be assumed to be uniformly helpful, since the effect of storage duration in the specific type of atmosphere substantially depends on the proper cultivar selection