The Atlantic Ocean surface microlayer from 50°N to 50°S is ubiquitously enriched in surfactants at wind speeds up to 13 m s−1

We report the first measurements of surfactant activity (SA) in the sea surface microlayer (SML) and in subsurface waters (SSW) at the ocean basin scale, for two Atlantic Meridional Transect from cruises 50°N to 50°S during 2014 and 2015. Northern Hemisphere (NH) SA was significantly higher than Southern Hemisphere (SH) SA in the SML and in the SSW. SA enrichment factors (EF = SASML/SASSW) were also higher in the NH, for wind speeds up to ~13 m s−1, questioning a prior assertion that Atlantic Ocean wind speeds >12 m s−1 poleward of 30°N and 30°S would preclude high EFs and showing the SML to be self-sustaining with respect to SA. Our results imply that surfactants exert a control on air-sea CO2 exchange across the whole North Atlantic CO2 sink region and that the contribution made by high wind, high latitude oceans to air-sea gas exchange globally should be reexamined

The influence of relaxation process on dimensional properties of cotton/spandex knitted fabrics

Bu çalışma, 05-08, Ekim 2008 tarihlerinde Dubrovnik[Hırvatistan]’da düzenlenen 4th International Textile Clothing and Design Conference Kongresi‘nde bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.Fabrics knitted with spandex have many pre-treatment and finishing steps. In this study, the effects of relaxation process on dimensional properties of cotton/spandex single jersey fabrics are experimentally investigated to estimate the dyed fabric properties before finishing process. For this purpose, single jersey fabric samples were knitted on a circular knitting machine. Fabric samples were knitted by feeding both cotton and spandex yarns with three different adjustment of positive yarn feeding mechanisms for producing tight, medium and loose cotton/spandex single jersey fabrics. In order to examine the effects of relaxation process, dimensional properties (course per cm, wale per cm, stitch density, weight and thickness) were measured after dry relaxation, wet relaxation, washing relaxation and boiling washing relaxation. Test results show that the dimensional properties of dry relaxed cotton/spandex knitted fabrics are similar to those of dyed fabrics; exactly the opposite of what is supposed in general.Minist Sci, Educ & SportsUniv ZagrebCroatian Chamber EconCroatian Acad EngnDanube Adria Assoc Automat & MfgAssoc Univ TextilesTextile InstInt Textile AcadSoc Dyers & ColouristsCroatian Soc Chem EngineersINA Oil IndCtr Adv Acad StudiesAmadeus MAJ dooAutocommerceBCC ServCroata Potomac dooCroatia AirlinesDodoEMKA ddExcelsior Hotel & SpaFranck ddGrgecGRIPJacquardKOTKA dooLECTRAModea ddPodrum VidecPronitTarstokTekstilna StamparijaTuristicka Zajednica Grada DubrovnikaTuristicka Zajednica Hrvatsk

New measurement and evaluation methods of seam puckering

Bu çalışma, 05-08 Ekim 2008 tarihleri arasında Dubrovnik[Hırvatistan]’da düzenlenen 4. International Textile Clothing and Design Conference’da bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.Seam puckering is known as the most serious and frequently encountered problem in garment manufacturing industry. In this study objective measurement and assessment methods of seam puckering were presented. The need of reliable measuring and evaluating methods as alternatives to existing visual assessments were mentioned. Effects of stitch yam, fabric and sewing machine parameters on formation of seam puckering were explained. The reasons of seam puckering formation were discussed. The necessity of quality control process for sewn fabric was explained. Devices which have been developed in order to acquire information from the wrinkled stitch line and the methods which have been used in order to assess puckering degree according to the necessity were summarized. Generated results of measuring systems that are consistent with standard subjective degrees were mentioned.Minist Sci, Educ & SportUniv ZagrebCroatian Chamber EconCroatian Acad EngnDanube Adria Assoc Automat & MfgAssoc Univ Textiles; Textile InstInt Textile AcadSoc Dyers & ColouristsCroatian Soc Chem EngineersINA Oil IndCtr Adv Acad StudiesAmadeus MAJ dooAutocommerceBCC ServCroata potomac dooCroatia AirlinesDodoEMKA ddExcelsior Hotel & SpaFranck ddGrgecGRIPJacquardKOTKA dooLECTRAModea ddPodrum VidecPronitTarstokTekstilna StamparijaTuristicka Zajednica Grada DubrovnikaTuristicka Zajednica Hrvatsk