A Factorial Study of Consumer Buying Behaviour towards Durable Goods With Reference To Urban Working Women

"Many things that were considered as luxuries till about ten years ago have become necessities for more peo ple today" .And in case of durable goods consumption it has happened also as which were luxury at once becomes necessity now. Consumer centric marketing style is predominant in durables which in turn revolves round the consumer purchase attitude. Today wom ens are chief purchase officer controlling 85% of all purchase decision .In India women hold more than 25% of the white collar jobs in sector like IT, ITES, Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology , market research, financial services ,advertising, marketing and med ia. The new Indian women is a hard working professional women. The research paper deals with the study of urban working women purchase attitude with special reference to consumer durables. This has been evaluated on the basis of a comparative study of facets with special reference to consumer durable with sample frame of middle class working women families of Lucknow

Bit Plane Coding Based Steganography Technique for JPEG2000 Images and Videos

In this paper, a Bit Plane Coding (BPC) based steganography technique for JPEG2000 images and Motion JPEG2000 video is proposed. Embedding in this technique is performed in the lowest significant bit planes of the wavelet coefficients of a cover image. In JPEG2000 standard, the number of bit planes of wavelet coefficients to be used in encoding is dependent on the compression rate and are used in Tier-2 process of JPEG2000. In the proposed technique, Tier-1 and Tier-2 processes of JPEG2000 and Motion JPEG2000 are executed twice on the encoder side to collect the information about the lowest bit planes of all code blocks of a cover image, which is utilized in embedding and transmitted to the decoder. After embedding secret data, Optimal Pixel Adjustment Process (OPAP) is applied on stego images to enhance its visual quality. Experimental results show that proposed technique provides large embedding capacity and better visual quality of stego images than existing steganography techniques for JPEG2000 compressed images and videos. Extracted secret image is similar to the original secret image

DYNAMIC APPROACH TO k-Means CLUSTERING ALGORITHM

ABSTRACT k-Means clustering algorithm is a heuristic algorithm that partitions the dataset into k clusters by minimizing the sum of squared distance in each cluster. In contrast, there are number of weaknesses. First it requires a prior knowledge of cluster number 'k'. Second it is sensitive to initialization which leads to random solutions. This paper presents a new approach to k-Means clustering by providing a solution to initial selection of cluster centroids and a dynamic approach based on silhouette validity index. Instead of running the algorithm for different values of k, the user need to give only initial value of k as k o as input and algorithm itself determines the right number of clusters for a given dataset. The algorithm is implemented in the MATLAB R2009b and results are compared with the original k-Means algorithm and other modified k-Means clustering algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed scheme improves the initial center selection and overall computation time