926 research outputs found
Estimating oak tree volume from stump diameter in Southeastern Ohio
When a tree has been cut down and only the stump remains, an equation may be made to predict the tree's volume from its stump diameter. Several measurements, both on the tree itself and on the environment have been taken to determine this model for oaks in southeastern Ohio
Charged particle radiation damage in semiconductors, 15 - Study and determination of an optimum design for space utilized lithium doped solar cells, part 1 Interim final report
Hall coefficient measurements of irradiated lithium doped solar cell
Charged particle radiation damage in semiconductors. Part 14 - Study of radiation effects in lithium doped silicon solar cells
Lithium doped silicon solar cells under electron irradiation and determination of semiconductor parameter
The resistivity and microstructure of heavily drawn CuâNb alloys
A combined resistivitytransmission electron microscopy(TEM) study has been done on heavily drawn Cuâ20 volâ% Nb alloys (soâcalled i n s i t u alloys). The results show that electron scattering at CuâNb interfaces makes the major contribution to resistivity in heavily drawn wire. The dislocation contribution is small and constant at deformation strains greater than around 4, apparently as a result of dynamic recovery/recrystallization of the Cu matrix which occurs during roomâtemperature drawing. Results of this study and other recent TEM dislocation studies indicate that the dislocation density in heavily drawn Cuâ20 volâ% Nb material does not exceed 101 1 cmâ 2. It is demonstrated here that the 101 3ââcmâ 2 dislocation density predicted by the resistivity study of Karasek and Bevk [J. Appl. Phys. 5 2, 1370 (1981)] is high because the interface scattering contribution is more strongly reduced by coarsening than they assumed. It is shown that resistivitymeasurements provide a means of evaluating an average Cu channel diameter in the aligned composite alloys formed at large deformation strains
Information management to enable personalized medicine: stakeholder roles in building clinical decision support
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Advances in technology and the scientific understanding of disease processes are presenting new opportunities to improve health through individualized approaches to patient management referred to as personalized medicine. Future health care strategies that deploy genomic technologies and molecular therapies will bring opportunities to prevent, predict, and pre-empt disease processes but will be dependent on knowledge management capabilities for health care providers that are not currently available. A key cornerstone to the potential application of this knowledge will be effective use of electronic health records. In particular, appropriate clinical use of genomic test results and molecularly-targeted therapies present important challenges in patient management that can be effectively addressed using electronic clinical decision support technologies.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Approaches to shaping future health information needs for personalized medicine were undertaken by a work group of the American Health Information Community. A needs assessment for clinical decision support in electronic health record systems to support personalized medical practices was conducted to guide health future development activities. Further, a suggested action plan was developed for government, researchers and research institutions, developers of electronic information tools (including clinical guidelines, and quality measures), and standards development organizations to meet the needs for personalized approaches to medical practice. In this article, we focus these activities on stakeholder organizations as an operational framework to help identify and coordinate needs and opportunities for clinical decision support tools to enable personalized medicine.</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>This perspective addresses conceptual approaches that can be undertaken to develop and apply clinical decision support in electronic health record systems to achieve personalized medical care. In addition, to represent meaningful benefits to personalized decision-making, a comparison of current and future applications of clinical decision support to enable individualized medical treatment plans is presented. If clinical decision support tools are to impact outcomes in a clear and positive manner, their development and deployment must therefore consider the needs of the providers, including specific practice needs, information workflow, and practice environment.</p
AML1, the Target of Multiple Chromosomal Translocations in Human Leukemia, Is Essential for Normal Fetal Liver Hematopoiesis
AbstractThe AML1âCBFÎČ transcription factor is the most frequent target of chromosomal rearrangements in human leukemia. To investigate its normal function, we generated mice lacking AML1. Embryos with homozygous mutations in AML1 showed normal morphogenesis and yolk sacâderived erythropoiesis, but lacked fetal liver hematopoiesis and died around E12.5. Sequentially targeted AML1â/â ES cells retained their capacity to differentiate into primitive erythroid cells in vitro; however, no myeloid or erythroid progenitors of definitive hematopoietic origin were detected in either the yolk sac or fetal livers of mutant embryos. Moreover, this hematopoietic defect was intrinsic to the stem cells in that AML1â/â ES cells failed to contribute to hematopoiesis in chimeric animals. These results suggest that AML1-regulated target genes are essential for definitive hematopoiesis of all lineages
PEPFAR Public Health Evaluation - Care and Support - Phase 2 Uganda
Phase 2 consisted of a longitudinal cohort study to measure patient-reported outcomes of care and support, a costing survey, and qualitative interviews to understand patient and carer experiences
PEPFAR Public Health Evaluation - Care and Support - Phase 2 Kenya
Phase 2 consisted of a longitudinal cohort study to measure patient-reported outcomes of care and support, a costing survey, and qualitative interviews to understand patient and carer experiences
Maternal Effects on Ethanol Teratogenesis in a Cross Between A/J and C57BL/6J Mice
Genetic factors influence adverse pregnancy outcome in both humans and animal models. Animal research reveals both the maternal and fetal genetic profiles are important for determining the risk of physical birth defects and prenatal mortality. Using a reciprocal-cross breeding design, we investigated whether the motherâs genes may be more important than fetal genes in determining risk for ethanol teratogenesis. Examination of possible synergistic genetic effects on ethanol teratogenesis was made possible by using two mouse strains known to be susceptible to specific malformations. Inbred A/J (A) and C57BL/6J (B6) mice were mated to produce four fetal genotype groups: the true-bred AâA and B6âB6 genotypes and the genetically identical AâB6 and B6âA genotypes (the F1 genotype). Dams were administered either 5.8 g/kg ethanol or an isocaloric amount of maltose-dextrin on day 9 of pregnancy. Fetuses were removed by laparotomy on gestation day 18, weighed, and assessed for digit, vertebral, and kidney malformations. Digit malformations in the genetically identical F1 ethanol-exposed litters showed a pattern consistent with a maternal genetic effect [AâB6 (2%) and B6âA (30%)]. In contrast, vertebral malformations were similar in all ethanol-exposed litters [AâA (26%), AâB6 (18%), B6âA (22%), and B6âB6 (33%)]. The percentage of malformations did not differ between male and female fetuses, indicating sex-linked factors are not responsible for the maternal effect. Ethanol exposure decreased litter weights but did not affect litter mortality compared to maltoseexposed controls. This study supports the idea that genes influence malformation risk following in utero alcohol exposure. Specifically, maternal genes influence risk more than fetal genes for some teratogenic outcomes. No evidence supported synergistic genetic effects on ethanol teratogenesis. This research supports the conclusion that uterine environment contributes to determining risk of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
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