Dynamique de la culture du Mucuna pruriens dans la commune rurale de Gakpé, au Bénin

Dans IDL-1387

Problematique De L’eau Desservie A La Population Par Les Postes D’eau Autonomes Prives Dans La Commune De Ketou

La présente étude porte sur l’approvisionnement en eau potable dans la commune de Kétou à travers les postes d’eaux autonomes (PEA) privés. Elle a pour objectif de faire un diagnostic de la problématique des PEA privés dans la commune. La démarche méthodologique a consisté en un premier temps à recenser les PEA privés dans la commune puis en un second temps, à mener une enquête dans les six arrondissements de la commune afin d’identifier les caractéristiques des PEA privés. Par ailleurs, des échantillons d’eau des PEA privés ont été prélevés afin d’évaluer leur qualité physicochimique et bactériologique. On note une faible minéralisation de tous les échantillons. 100% des échantillons analysés contiennent des coliformes totaux. Dans 71,4% des échantillons, il a été confirmé la présence de coliformes fécaux et dans 21%, la présence de streptocoques fécaux. Les résultats obtenus, ne respectent pas en totalité les normes de potabilité. Vu l’ampleur du phénomène et les risques encourus par la population, il s’avère nécessaire d’éliminer les causes de contamination des eaux des PEA privés et d’améliorer l’entretien des ouvrages de ces PEA privés.Mots clés: Kétou, PEA privés, qualité physico-chimique et bactériologique.The study focuses on the supply of drinking water in the town of Ketou through independent private water posts. The aim of this study is to make a diagnosis of the problem of private PEA in this town. The methodology consisted in a first time, to identify private PEA in the town and then a second time to conduct a survey in six districts of the municipality to identify the characteristics of private PEA. In addition, private water samples were collected to evaluate their physico- chemical and bacteriological quality. The survey result shows a low mineralization of all samples. In 100% of samples analyzed, we have total coliform. In 71.4% of samples, it was confirmed the presence of fecal coliforms and the presence of faecal streptococci in 21% . The results obtained don’t respect fully the standards for drinking water. Given the scale of the phenomenon and the risks to the population, it is necessary to eliminate the causes of private water posts contamination and improve maintenance oftheseprivatewater posts.Keywords: Kétou private PEA, quality physico-chemical and bacteriological.Article in Frenc

Animal models of Parkinson’s disease: bridging the gap between disease hallmarks and research questions

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. More than 200 years after its first clinical description, PD remains a serious affliction that affects a growing proportion of the population. Prevailing treatments only alleviate symptoms; there is still neither a cure that targets the neurodegenerative processes nor therapies that modify the course of the disease. Over the past decades, several animal models have been developed to study PD. Although no model precisely recapitulates the pathology, they still provide valuable information that contributes to our understanding of the disease and the limitations of our treatment options. This review comprehensively summarizes the different animal models available for Parkinson’s research, with a focus on those induced by drugs, neurotoxins, pesticides, genetic alterations, α-synuclein inoculation, and viral vector injections. We highlight their characteristics and ability to reproduce PD-like phenotypes. It is essential to realize that the strengths and weaknesses of each model and the induction technique at our disposal are determined by the research question being asked. Our review, therefore, seeks to better aid researchers by ensuring a concrete discernment of classical and novel animal models in PD research

Evaluation quantitative des résidus de pyréthrinoïdes, d’aminophosphate et de triazines en zones de production de coton au Bénin par la méthode ELISA en phase liquide: Cas des eaux de la rivière Agbado

Le présent travail réalisé au Bénin dans la commune de Savalou, a consisté en une recherche de résidus de pyréthrinoïdes, d’aminophosphates et de triazines dans l’eau et les sédiments de la rivière Agbado par la technique ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) en phase liquide. Quatre campagnes d’échantillonnage ont été menées dont deux en saison sèche et deux en saison pluvieuse. Au total quatre sites d’échantillonnage ont été explorés. Il s’agit de Mèdétèkpo, du Barrage de la Société des Eaux du Bénin, de la Station de traitement d’eau et du grand pont de Gobada. En saison sèche, aucun des résidus recherchés n’a été détecté dans l’eau. Dans les sédiments, les teneurs varient de 0,10 à 0,39 ppb pour le glyphosate et de 0,22 à 0,97 ppb pour l’atrazine. En saison pluvieuse, dans l’eau, les taux varient de 0,05 ppb à 0,475 ppb pour l’atrazine, de 0,10 à 1,316 ppb pour le glyphosate et de 0,75 à 4,450 ppb pour les pyréthrinoïdes. Dans les sédiments seul le glyphosate a été détecté jusqu’à un taux de 8,62 ppb. En moyenne ces valeurs sont supérieures aux normes de qualité de l’eau de boisson admises par l’Union Européenne. Face à ces niveaux de contamination, il importe que des mesures correctives soient prises.Keywords: Contamination, eau, sédiments, Résidus de pesticide

Minimal tillage and intermittent flooding farming systems show a potential reduction in the proliferation of Anopheles mosquito larvae in a rice field in Malanville, Northern Benin

Background Irrigation systems have been identified as one of the factors promoting malaria disease around agricultural farms in sub-Saharan Africa. However, if improved water management strategy is adopted during rice cultivation, it may help to reduce malaria cases among human population living around rice fields. This study aimed to assess the impact of the different irrigation practices on malaria transmission, as well as to evaluate the water management system that will best mitigate malaria transmission in Malanville, Benin. Methods Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) study was conducted on 104 households staying on and around the rice fields in Malanville. The study focused on the frequency of mosquito bites and preventive measures against malaria as well as soil preparation and rice planting methods. Mosquito larvae density was assessed in different water management system: continuous flooding (CF) or intermittent flooding (IF), deep tillage (DT) or minimal tillage (MT) and normal levelling (NL) or abnormal levelling (AL) in an experimental hut set-up. Larvae were collected using dipping methods and their density was determined. Results Three tillage systems, which include the use of tiller, plow and hoe, were identified on the rice field. Continuous flooding was the only irrigation system used by farmers. Retrospective data from Malanville Health Centre revealed higher malaria cases during rice production season, which was also confirmed by field participants. The density ofAnopheleslarvae was reduced by 80.8%, 30.8% and 40.7% (P = 0.000) during transplanting, tillering and maturation periods, respectively with intermittent flooding compared to continuous flooding. In addition, a clear reduction of larva density was observed with both intermittent flooding systems applied to minimal tillage (MT + IF + NL) and intermittent flooding applied to deep tillage (DT + IF + AL), showing that intermittent flooding could reduce the abundance of malaria vector in rice fields. Conclusion Recommending intermittent flooding technology for rice cultivation may not only be useful for water management but could also be an intentional strategy to control mosquitoes vector-borne diseases around rice farms

Transcriptional repression of Plxnc1 by Lmx1a and Lmx1b directs topographic dopaminergic circuit formation

Mesodiencephalic dopamine neurons play central roles in the regulation of a wide range of brain functions, including voluntary movement and behavioral processes. These functions are served by distinct subtypes of mesodiencephalic dopamine neurons located in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the ventral tegmental area, which form the nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, and mesocortical pathways. Until now, mechanisms involved in dopaminergic circuit formation remained largely unknown. Here, we show that Lmx1a, Lmx1b, and Otx2 transcription factors control subtype-specific mesodiencephalic dopamine neurons and their appropriate axon innervation. Our results revealed that the expression of Plxnc1, an axon guidance receptor, is repressed by Lmx1a/b and enhanced by Otx2. We also found that Sema7a/Plxnc1 interactions are responsible for the segregation of nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways. These findings identify Lmx1a/b, Otx2, and Plxnc1 as determinants of dopaminergic circuit formation and should assist in engineering mesodiencephalic dopamine neurons capable of regenerating appropriate connections for cell therapy

Transcriptional repression of Plxnc1 by Lmx1a and Lmx1b directs topographic dopaminergic circuit formation

Mesodiencephalic dopamine neurons play central roles in the regulation of a wide range of brain functions, including voluntary movement and behavioral processes. These functions are served by distinct subtypes of mesodiencephalic dopamine neurons located in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the ventral tegmental area, which form the nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, and mesocortical pathways. Until now, mechanisms involved in dopaminergic circuit formation remained largely unknown. Here, we show that Lmx1a, Lmx1b, and Otx2 transcription factors control subtype-specific mesodiencephalic dopamine neurons and their appropriate axon innervation. Our results revealed that the expression of Plxnc1, an axon guidance receptor, is repressed by Lmx1a/b and enhanced by Otx2. We also found that Sema7a/Plxnc1 interactions are responsible for the segregation of nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways. These findings identify Lmx1a/b, Otx2, and Plxnc1 as determinants of dopaminergic circuit formation and should assist in engineering mesodiencephalic dopamine neurons capable of regenerating appropriate connections for cell therapy