Oysters and catfish: resource exploitation at Rollins Shell Ring, Ft. George Island, Florida

Detailed faunal analyses were conducted on two major subsistence resources, oysters and marine catfish, at Rollins Shell Ring, a Late Archaic (5000 – 3000 B.P.) site on the northeast coast of Florida. The focus of this investigation was on resource exploitation, and, specifically, whether there was evidence that oysters from this site were over-exploited. Three units from previous excavations at the site were selected for analysis, and represent the span of occupation recorded for this site. Measurements were obtained from oysters to determine habitat, and, along with shell height, were compared across time for any changes in the pattern of exploitation that would indicate over-exploitation. Marine catfish otoliths were used to provide seasonal data for oyster harvesting, as well as information on fish ages and harvesting of this resource. My analysis revealed that the majority of oysters used in the construction of the main shell ring, ringlets, and other structures at this site were harvested from the same habitat. While there were differences in oyster habitat exploitation and shell height between samples, the difference was attributed to the variability of oyster habitats exploited and shell height in the earliest sample of the analysis, Test Unit 10, and in the latest sample, Test Unit 2; there was less variability noted in oyster habitat and shell height for the middle activity period recorded at the site, Test Unit 12c. Further results indicated a seasonal preference for exploitation of both oyster and marine catfish in warm water temperatures, and that oyster resources did not appear to be under stress during the period of activity recorded for the site. These data suggest that it is unlikely that over-exploitation of oysters played a role in permanent site abandonment

Expériences de la stigmatisation en lien avec la santé mentale chez des jeunes de trois communautés au Nouveau-Brunswick

Cette étude vise à comprendre comment les jeunes recourant à des services en santé mentale (SM) perçoivent la stigmatisation en SM et comment cela a été vécu durant leur parcours de soins et de rétablissement. Des groupes de discussion avec 25 jeunes ont été réalisés dans trois communautés (autochtone dans une région isolée, francophone rurale et anglophone urbaine). L’analyse thématique révèle que leurs expériences de la stigmatisation sont marquées par diverses formes de discrédit et par le traitement différentiel déshumanisant qui les conduit à rechercher des alternatives non stigmatisantes et comblant mieux leurs besoins. Ainsi, ces jeunes orientent activement leurs parcours de soins en SM selon la stigmatisation perçue. D’importantes nuances socioculturelles ont également été identifiées quant aux expériences et stratégies des jeunes et éléments favorisant ou atténuant la stigmatisation. Leurs perspectives sont riches d’enseignements pour déstigmatiser les services de SM pour les jeunes de différents groupes culturels.This study aims to understand how youth who receive mental health (MH) services perceive stigma related to mental illness and how this was experienced during their trajectory toward care and recovery. Discussion groups were carried out with 25 youths in three New Brunswick communities (remote Indigenous, rural Francophone and urban Anglophone). Thematic analysis reveals that youth’s experiences of stigma reflect various forms of discrediting as well as differential, dehumanising treatment, which lead them to look for stigma-free alternatives that better meet their needs. This shows that youth actively select their options for MH support depending on the stigma they perceive. Results also show important socio-cultural nuances with regards to youth’s experiences and to the strategies and factors that enable or mitigate stigma. Their accounts hold valuable lessons for destigmatizing mental illness and the access to youth MH services for different cultural groups

Evaluation of a Device Combining an Inferior Vena Cava Filter and a Central Venous Catheter for Preventing Pulmonary Embolism Among Critically Ill Trauma Patients

To evaluate efficacy and safety of a novel device that combines an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter and central venous catheter (CVC) for prevention of pulmonary embolism (PE) in critically ill patients. In a multicenter, prospective, single-arm clinical trial, the device was inserted at the bedside without fluoroscopy and subsequently retrieved before transfer from the intensive care unit (ICU). The primary efficacy endpoint was freedom from clinically significant PE or fatal PE 72 hours after device removal or discharge, whichever occurred first. Secondary endpoints were incidence of acute proximal deep venous thrombosis (DVT), catheter-related thrombosis, catheter-related bloodstream infections, major bleeding events, and clinically significant thrombus (occupying > 25% of volume of filter) detected by cavography before retrieval. The device was placed in 163 critically ill patients with contraindications to anticoagulation; 151 (93%) were critically ill trauma patients, 129 (85%) had head or spine trauma, and 102 (79%) had intracranial bleeding. The primary efficacy endpoint was achieved for all 163 (100%) patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 97.8%-100%, P < .01). Diagnosis of new or worsening acute proximal DVT was time dependent with 11 (7%) occurring during the first 7 days. There were no (0%) catheter-related bloodstream infections. There were 5 (3.1%) major bleeding events. Significant thrombus in the IVC filter occurred in 14 (8.6%) patients. Prophylactic anticoagulation was not initiated for a mean of 5.5 days ± 4.3 after ICU admission. This novel device prevented clinically significant and fatal PE among critically ill trauma patients with low risk of complications