AN EVALUATION OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT WITH HETEROGENEOUS PARTICIPATION

Principal component analysis in employed to develop indices that distinguish between participants and nonparticipants in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. Results of incorporating these indices into yield, net return, and production cost functions for cotton producers indicate that both yield and costs increase as the degree of producer participation in IPM increases. Although these results are inconsistent with previous research, they are consistent with the theoretical relationship between IPM and conventional input usage.Crop Production/Industries,

Forest Resources Digital Information System

Forestry Images, the digitized documented forest health image archive, was developed with the aim to gather, create, maintain, and distribute digital information as tools to enhance and complement information exchange and educational activities. The Forestry Images System exists under the umbrella of Bugwood Network (Bargeron, Douce, & Moorhead, 2000). The increased volume of images and its usage statistics required major changes to enhance the system access, better content management, and security. The enhanced system is standard compliant based on recommendations from the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the U.S. government Section 508

Amphibole and apatite insights into the evolution and mass balance of Cl and S in magmas associated with porphyry copper deposits

Chlorine and sulfur are of paramount importance for supporting the transport and deposition of ore metals at magmatic–hydrothermal systems such as the Coroccohuayco Fe–Cu–Au porphyry–skarn deposit, Peru. Here, we used recent partitioning models to determine the Cl and S concentration of the melts from the Coroccohuayco magmatic suite using apatite and amphibole chemical analyses. The pre-mineralization gabbrodiorite complex hosts S-poor apatite, while the syn- and post-ore dacitic porphyries host S-rich apatite. Our apatite data on the Coroccohuayco magmatic suite are consistent with an increasing oxygen fugacity (from the gabbrodiorite complex to the porphyries) causing the dominant sulfur species to shift from S2− to S6+ at upper crustal pressure where the magmas were emplaced. We suggest that this change in sulfur speciation could have favored S degassing, rather than its sequestration in magmatic sulfides. Using available partitioning models for apatite from the porphyries, pre-degassing S melt concentration was 20–200 ppm. Estimates of absolute magmatic Cl concentrations using amphibole and apatite gave highly contrasting results. Cl melt concentrations obtained from apatite (0.60 wt% for the gabbrodiorite complex; 0.2–0.3 wt% for the porphyries) seems much more reasonable than those obtained from amphibole which are very low (0.37 wt% for the gabbrodiorite complex; 0.10 wt% for the porphyries). In turn, relative variations of the Cl melt concentrations obtained from amphibole during magma cooling are compatible with previous petrological constraints on the Coroccohuayco magmatic suite. This confirms that the gabbrodioritic magma was initially fluid undersaturated upon emplacement, and that magmatic fluid exsolution of the gabbrodiorite and the pluton rooting the porphyry stocks and dikes were emplaced and degassed at 100–200 MPa. Finally, mass balance constraints on S, Cu and Cl were used to estimate the minimum volume of magma required to form the Coroccohuayco deposit. These three estimates are remarkably consistent among each other (ca. 100 km3) and suggest that the Cl melt concentration is at least as critical as that of Cu and S to form an economic mineralization

EVALUATION OF VARIOUS PEST-MANAGEMENT CHARACTERISTICS

Considering pest management in terms of a set of technology characteristics allows an investigation of various pest-management characteristics and how they relate to a total pest-management package. Employing restricted and unrestricted least squares in this investigation indicates the unique impact individual pest-management characteristics exert on net returns. A Stein-rule estimator is also employed in assessing this impact

AN EVALUATION OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT WITH HETEROGENEOUS PARTICIPATION

Principal component analysis in employed to develop indices that distinguish between participants and nonparticipants in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. Results of incorporating these indices into yield, net return, and production cost functions for cotton producers indicate that both yield and costs increase as the degree of producer participation in IPM increases. Although these results are inconsistent with previous research, they are consistent with the theoretical relationship between IPM and conventional input usage

Beliefs of Farmers and Adoption of Integrated Pest Management

Georgia peanut farmers have adopted Integrated pest management (lPM) on only a limited basis, although objective data indicate that IPM technology may be more efficient than conventional pest control strategies Users and nonusers of IPM hold different views pertaining to the consequences of employing IPM These beliefs Influence Its use Educational programs on these beliefs should Influence adoption and continued use of IPM This article analyzes belief data pertaining to IPM among 192 Georgia ,peanut farmers and explores the relationship between beliefs about IPM and its adoptio