The Affect of Host Plant on Aphid Population Growth

Citation: Dostal, E. (2017). The Affect of Host Plant on Aphid Population Growth . 1st Annual Undergraduate Research Experience in Entomology Symposium, November 16, 2016. Manhattam, KS.Damage from aphids to wheat plants is noticeable from a distance and can result in water stress, reduced plant growth and wilting. Different aphids are said to cause different colorations when damaging the plants. The comparison of aphid performance on a set of closely related species can help identify traits related to plant defense and aphid performance. Such studies can help inform future experiments that study specific mechanisms of plant resistance. Its important to know what causes aphids to damage some plants more than others so we can find ways to prevent it. I observed the effects that wheat, barley and sorghum have on the population growth rate of corn leaf aphids and green bugs. Also, the effect the aphids have on the plants and how much they damage each type. Will one aphid species have an exceptionally higher rate of reproduction on a specific plant? Is aphid population growth affected by competition between species? I found the green bug population grew faster than the corn leaf aphids and they preferred the wheat, which in return resulted in the wheat having the highest plant damage

Petrology and geochemistry of Devono-Carboniferous volcanic rocks in Nova Scotia

The Devono-Carboniferous volcanic rocks of Nova Scotia include Middle Devonian basalts from the McAras Brook Formation in the northern Antigonlsh Highlands (Ballantynes Cove and McAras Brook areas), Kiddle Devonian and Carboniferous basalts and rhyolites of the Fountain Lake Group In the Cobequid Highlands and the Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous basalts and rhyolites of the Fisset Brook Formation in Cape Breton Island. The volcanic rocks were extruded upon the continental crust in an lntraplate setting. The basalts are tholelitic except those from Ballantynes Cove which are alkaline. All these basalts could have been derived from a similar upper mantle source - garnet peridotite. Rhyolites were probably generated by crustal anatexis related to the ascending basaltic magma. The Devono-Carboniferous volcaniant is probably connected with rifting along faults bounding the Magadalen pull-apart basin. In the Cobequid Highlands, the volcanlsm appears to be spatially and temporally associated with plutonism. RÉSUMÉ Les roches volcaniquée Dévono-Carbonifères de la Nouvelle-Écosse comprennent: les basaltes de la formation McAras Brook (Dévonian moyen) dans la partie nord des hautes-terres d'Antigonlsh (régions de Ballantynes Cove et de McAras Brook); les basaltes et les rhyolites du groupe Fountain Lake (Dévonien moyen et Carbonifère) des monts Cobequid; et les basaltes et rhyolites (Dévonien supérieur-Carbonifère inférieur) de la formation Fisset Brook su l’ile du Cap-Breton. Les roches volcaniquée furent repandues à la surface de la croùte continentale dans un contexte intraplaque. Les basaltes sont tous tholèiltiques à l'exception de ceux de Ballantynes Cove qui sont alcallns. Tous ces basaltes pourralent provenir d'une même source située dans la partie supérieure de manteau terrestre - péridotite à grenat. Les rhyolites résultent probablement de l'anatexie de la croùte associée à la montée du magma basaltique. Le volcanisme Dévono-Carbonifère est probablement relié à une fissuration le long des failles qui encadrent le bassin de déchirement des Madeleines. Dans les monts Cobequid, le volcanisme semble associé de façon spatio-temporelle au plutonisine. [Traduit par le Journal

Trace element evidence for the origin of ocean island basalts : an example from the Austral Islands (French Polynesia)

Cet article présente une étude géochimique des roches magmatiques des Iles Australes. La présence et la distribution d'éléments en trace incompatibles indiquent que ces laves dérivent d'une source magmatique hétérogène. Comme le montrent les données isotopiques, ces hétérogénéités sont à attribuer à un mélange entre le manteau supérieur et une croûte océanique en subduction qui, auparavant, avait été la source d'un magma tholeiitiqu

Subducted and recycled lithosphere as the mantle source of ocean island basalts from southern Polynesia, central Pacific

L'étude géochimique et pétrographique des basaltes des archipels volcaniques de la Polynésie Française montre que ces roches dérivent d'une lithosphère ancienne ayant subi une subduction et un recyclage. La composition chimique et isotopique des basaltes montre l'existence d'hétérogénéités géochimiques pour la source magmatique : elles s'expliquent par un mélange de la croûte océanique avec une péridotite résiduelle

Deaf writers’ application of ASL knowledge to English

Language transfer theory elucidates how first language (L1) knowledge and grammatical features are applied in second language (L2) writing. Deaf and hard of hearing (d/hh) students who use or are developing American Sign Language (ASL) as their L1 may demonstrate use of ASL linguistic features in their writing of English. In this study, we investigated the extent to which 29 d/hh students in grades 6-8 (mean age = 13.2) with diverse ASL exposure incorporated ASL features in their English writing. We also investigated the impact of one year of Strategic and Interactive Writing Instruction (SIWI) to increase students’ metalinguistic knowledge and linguistic competence, and subsequently reduce ASL features in writing. Results indicate that ASL transfer is found in the writings of students with varied L1 experiences, and that SIWI can lead to significant reductions of ASL features in writing. The findings suggest that bilingual literacy programs where there is an emphasis on implicit language competence and metalinguistic knowledge can support d/hh students in the development of written English

The minimum wage in Germany: what brought the state in?

A statutory minimum wage has been introduced in Germany, in the face of business opposition but abetted by union support. The political coalition in favour of minimum wage regulation brought together the centre-left and the centre-right with the argument that regulation is needed to prevent disfunctional interaction between low wages and the social security system. Thus the dualization which characterises Germany’s inegalitarian form of coordinated capitalism has provoked a corrective political response. The paper traces the long path to government intervention and assesses why employers were unable, or unwilling, to pre-empt intervention by maintaining the coverage of collective bargaining. It is argued that market liberalization has had a paradoxical effect on employer power: intense domestic as well as international competition has reduced employers’ capacity to act strategically to fend off regulation by the government

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on timeliness and equity of measles, mumps and rubella vaccinations in North East London: a longitudinal study using electronic health records.

OBJECTIVES: To quantify the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the timeliness of, and geographical and sociodemographic inequalities in, receipt of first measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination. DESIGN: Longitudinal study using primary care electronic health records. SETTING: 285 general practices in North East London. PARTICIPANTS: Children born between 23 August 2017 and 22 September 2018 (pre-pandemic cohort) or between 23 March 2019 and 1 May 2020 (pandemic cohort). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Receipt of timely MMR vaccination between 12 and 18 months of age. METHODS: We used logistic regression to estimate the ORs (95% CIs) of receipt of a timely vaccination adjusting for sex, deprivation, ethnic background and Clinical Commissioning Group. We plotted choropleth maps of the proportion receiving timely vaccinations. RESULTS: Timely MMR receipt fell by 4.0% (95% CI: 3.4% to 4.6%) from 79.2% (78.8% to 79.6%) to 75.2% (74.7% to 75.7%) in the pre-pandemic (n=33 226; 51.3% boys) and pandemic (n=32 446; 51.4%) cohorts, respectively. After adjustment, timely vaccination was less likely in the pandemic cohort (0.79; 0.76 to 0.82), children from black (0.70; 0.65 to 0.76), mixed/other (0.77; 0.72 to 0.82) or with missing (0.77; 0.74 to 0.81) ethnic background, and more likely in girls (1.07; 1.03 to 1.11) and those from South Asian backgrounds (1.39; 1.30 to 1.48). Children living in the least deprived areas were more likely to receive a timely MMR (2.09; 1.78 to 2.46) but there was no interaction between cohorts and deprivation (Wald statistic: 3.44; p=0.49). The proportion of neighbourhoods where less than 60% of children received timely vaccination increased from 7.5% to 12.7% during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant fall in timely MMR receipt and increased geographical clustering of measles susceptibility in an area of historically low and inequitable MMR coverage. Immediate action is needed to avert measles outbreaks and support primary care to deliver timely and equitable vaccinations