HOW DOES GENDER AFFECT THE ADOPTION OF AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS? THE CASE OF IMPROVED MAIZE TECHNOLOGY IN GHANA

Why do men and women adopt agricultural technologies at different rates? Evidence from Ghana suggests that gender-linked differences in the adoption of modern maize varieties and chemical fertilizer are not attributable to inherent characteristics of the technologies themselves but instead result from gender-linked differences in access to key inputs.Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

LDPC ARCHITECTURE IMPLEMENTATION BY REDUCING THE MEMORY UTILIZATION

As the low density parity check codes has proved their accuracy in error correcting .considering the ldpc as reference the architecture of ldpc is studied .ldpc coding contains check nodes and variable nodes which has their memory elements respectively .so an efficient use of memory can decrease the computation time. Further the arrays of memory requirement has been decreased by making the memory global to all the nodes . ldpc is considered as a finite state machine in which each node is a state .An efficient memory utilization method has been proposed to decrease the memory utilization in the fpga

A case for cross layer design: the impact of physical layer properties on routing protocol performance in MANETs

In this work we evaluate the performance of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks using different physical layer models. The results obtained show that the performance results obtained using idealized models such as the free space propagation model vary significantly when propagation effects such as path loss and shadowing are considered. This difference in performance indicates that optimization is required in the protocol development space that takes into account channel state information (CSI). Such an optimization requires a cross layer approach to be adopted and a framework for protocol performance evaluation to be established. We believe that this work would serve as a first step in this direction. We provide comparative performance results through network simulations.<br /

A computer program for the calculation of laminar and turbulent boundary layer flows

The results are presented of a study to produce a computer program to calculate laminar and turbulent boundary layer flows. The program is capable of calculating the following types of flow: (1) incompressible or compressible, (2) two dimensional or axisymmetric, and (3) flows with significant transverse curvature. Also, the program can handle a large variety of boundary conditions, such as blowing or suction, arbitrary temperature distributions and arbitrary wall heat fluxes. The program has been specialized to the calculation of equilibrium air flows and all of the thermodynamic and transport properties used are for air. For the turbulent transport properties, the eddy viscosity approach has been used. Although the eddy viscosity models are semi-empirical, the model employed in the program has corrections for pressure gradients, suction and blowing and compressibility. The basic method of approach is to put the equations of motion into a finite difference form and then solve them by use of a digital computer. The program is written in FORTRAN 4 and requires small amounts of computer time on most scientific machines. For example, most laminar flows can be calculated in less than one minute of machine time, while turbulent flows usually require three or four minutes

Prevention of information harvesting in a cloud services environment

We consider a cloud data storage involving three entities, the cloud customer, the cloud business centre which provides services, and the cloud data storage centre. Data stored in the data storage centre comes from a variety of customers and some of these customers may compete with each other in the market place or may own data which comprises confidential information about their own clients. Cloud staff have access to data in the data storage centre which could be used to steal identities or to compromise cloud customers. In this paper, we provide an efficient method of data storage which prevents staff from accessing data which can be abused as described above. We also suggest a method of securing access to data which requires more than one staff member to access it at any given time. This ensures that, in case of a dispute, a staff member always has a witness to the fact that she accessed data

Speed Cut-Off Point for Antiforce Waves

A one-dimensional, three-component, fluid model has been employed to investigate the existence of a speed cut-off point for antiforce breakdown waves. The term antiforce wave is used to identify breakdown waves for which the electric field force on electrons is in the opposite direction of wave propagation. The electron fluid-dynamical equations for antiforce waves are different from those of proforce waves. This presentation will address the difference in the set of equations for proforce and antiforce waves and the method of integration of the set of equations through the dynamical transition region for antiforce waves. Also, for antiforce waves, the existence and approximate value of a speed cut-off point will be discussed

Fast recovery from node compromise in wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are susceptible to a wide range of security attacks in hostile environments due to the limited processing and energy capabilities of sensor nodes. Consequently, the use of WSNs in mission critical applications requires reliable detection and fast recovery from these attacks. While much research has been devoted to detecting security attacks, very little attention has been paid yet to the recovery task. In this paper, we present a novel mechanism that is based on dynamic network reclustering and node reprogramming for recovering from node compromise. In response to node compromise, the proposed recovery approach reclusters the network excluding compromised nodes; thus allowing normal network operation while initiating node recovery procedures. We propose a novel reclustering algorithm that uses 2-hop neighbourhood information for this purpose. For node reprogramming we propose the modified Deluge protocol. The proposed node recovery mechanism is both decentralized and scalable. Moreover, we demonstrate through its implementation on a TelosB-based sensor network testbed that the proposed recovery method performs well in a low-resource WSN.<br /

U.V. spectra parameters to investigate the influences of intensifications of soybean with sorghum and maize on the physical properties of soybean seed oils

Using U.V. spectra measurements as a tool to investigate the influences of intensifications or intercroping of crops on the physical properties of the constituents of the yielded grains or seeds. In this paper the authors used U.V. spectra measurement to deduce the effects of intensifications of Clark and Crowmord soybean varieties on some sorghum and maize varieties on the physical properties of the oils of the soybean seed varieties. Results of this work revealed that the highest U.V. spectra measurements at bands 270 nm, were 2.5 for the oils of Crowmord soybean seed variety intensificated on Giza 15 sorghum variety intensity 2:4 (2 rows soybean: 4 rows sorghum) and Giza 2, Hz 215 and Hz 310 maize varieties, intensity 2:2, 2:4, 2:4 and 2:2 respectively in the regions of spectra differences. The intensification of Clark and Crowmord soybean varieties on sorghum and maize is effective as the physical properties of their oils improved by increasing the cromophor and carotenoids compound levels.Se usaron medidas de espectros U.V. como una herramienta para investigar las influencias de intensificaciones o intercultivos sobre las propiedades físicas de los constituyentes de granos o semillas producidos. En este trabajo el autor usó medidas de espectros U.V. para deducir los efectos de intensificaciones de variedades de soja Clark y Crowmord con variedades de sorgo y maíz sobre las propiedades físicas de los aceites de soja. Los resultados de este trabajo revelaron que los valores de espectros U.V. más elevados a 270 nm, fueron 2'5 para los aceites de variedades de semilla de soja Crowmord intensificado con la variedad sorgo Giza 15 (2 filas soja: 4 filas sorgo) y las variedades de maíz Giza 2 (2:2 y 2:4), Hz 215 (2:4) y Hz 310 (2:2). La intensificación de variedades de soja Clark y Crowmord con sorgo y maíz es efectiva, ya que las propiedades físicas de sus aceites mejoraron por aumento de los niveles de compuestos cromóforos y carotenoides