925 research outputs found
Oral Cancer Awareness and its Determinants among a Selected Malaysian Population
Objective: To assess oral cancer awareness, its associated factors and related sources of information among a selected group of Malaysians. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on all Malaysian ethnic groups aged >= 15 years old at eight strategically chosen shopping malls within a two week time period. Data were analysed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. Significance level was set at alpha<0.05. Results: Most (84.2%) respondents had heard of oral cancer. Smoking was the most (92.4%) recognized high risk habit. Similar levels of awareness were seen for unhealed ulcers (57.3%) and red/white patches (58.0%) as signs of oral cancer. Age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, education, occupation and income were significantly associated with oral cancer awareness (p<0.05). Conclusions: There was a general lack of awareness regarding the risk habits, early signs and symptoms, and the benefits of detecting this disease at an early stage. Mass media and health campaigns were the main sources of information about oral cancer. In our Malaysian population, gender and age were significantly associated with the awareness of early signs and symptoms and prevention of oral cancer, respectively.Article Link:
http://koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=POCPA9_2013_v14n3_195
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Heavy rainfall in Paraguay during the 2015/16 austral summer: causes and subseasonal-to-seasonal predictive skill
During the austral summer 2015/16, severe flooding displaced over 170 000 people on the Paraguay River system in Paraguay, Argentina, and southern Brazil. These floods were driven by repeated heavy rainfall events in the lower Paraguay River basin. Alternating sequences of enhanced moisture inflow from the South American low-level jet and local convergence associated with baroclinic systems were conducive to mesoscale convective activity and enhanced precipitation. These circulation patterns were favored by cross-time-scale interactions of a very strong El Niño event, an unusually persistent MaddenâJulian oscillation in phases 4 and 5, and the presence of a dipole SST anomaly in the central southern Atlantic Ocean. The simultaneous use of seasonal and subseasonal heavy rainfall predictions could have provided decision-makers with useful information about the start of these flooding events from two to four weeks in advance. Probabilistic seasonal forecasts available at the beginning of November successfully indicated heightened probability of heavy rainfall (90th percentile) over southern Paraguay and Brazil for DecemberâFebruary. Raw subseasonal forecasts of heavy rainfall exhibited limited skill at lead times beyond the first two predicted weeks, but a model output statistics approach involving principal component regression substantially improved the spatial distribution of skill for week 3 relative to other methods tested, including extended logistic regressions. A continuous monitoring of climate drivers impacting rainfall in the region, and the use of statistically corrected heavy precipitation seasonal and subseasonal forecasts, may help improve flood preparedness in this and other regions
Fragment Flow and the Nuclear Equation of State
We use the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck model with a momentum-dependent
nuclear mean field to simulate the dynamical evolution of heavy ion collisions.
We re-examine the azimuthal anisotropy observable, proposed as sensitive to the
equation of state of nuclear matter. We obtain that this sensitivity is maximal
when the azimuthal anisotropy is calculated for nuclear composite fragments, in
agreement with some previous calculations. As a test case we concentrate on
semi-central collisions at 400 MeV.Comment: 12 pages, ReVTeX 3.0. 12 Postscript figures, uuencoded and appende
Maximum Azimuthal Anisotropy of Neutrons from Nb-Nb Collisions at 400 AMeV and the Nuclear Equation of State
We measured the first azimuthal distributions of triple--differential cross
sections of neutrons emitted in heavy-ion collisions, and compared their
maximum azimuthal anisotropy ratios with Boltzmann--Uehling--Uhlenbeck (BUU)
calculations with a momentum-dependent interaction. The BUU calculations agree
with the triple- and double-differential cross sections for positive rapidity
neutrons emitted at polar angles from 7 to 27 degrees; however, the maximum
azimuthal anisotropy ratio for these free neutrons is insensitive to the size
of the nuclear incompressibility modulus K characterizing the nuclear matter
equation of state.Comment: Typeset using ReVTeX, with 3 ps figs., uuencoded and appende
Neutrons from multiplicity-selected La-La and Nb-Nb collisions at 400A MeV and La-La collisions at 250A MeV
Triple-differential cross sections for neutrons from high-multiplicity La-La
collisions at 250 and 400 MeV per nucleon and Nb-Nb collisions at 400 MeV per
nucleon were measured at several polar angles as a function of the azimuthal
angle with respect to the reaction plane of the collision. The reaction plane
was determined by a transverse-velocity method with the capability of
identifying charged-particles with Z=1, Z=2, and Z > 2. The flow of neutrons
was extracted from the slope at mid-rapidity of the curve of the average
in-plane momentum vs the center-of-mass rapidity. The squeeze-out of the
participant neutrons was observed in a direction normal to the reaction plane
in the normalized momentum coordinates in the center-of-mass system.
Experimental results of the neutron squeeze-out were compared with BUU
calculations. The polar-angle dependence of the maximum azimuthal anisotropy
ratio was found to be insensitive to the mass of the colliding
nuclei and the beam energy. Comparison of the observed polar-angle dependence
of the maximum azimuthal anisotropy ratio with BUU calculations for
free neutrons revealed that is insensitive also to the
incompressibility modulus in the nuclear equation of state.Comment: ReVTeX, 16 pages, 17 figures. To be published in Physical Review
The importance of initial-final state correlations for the formation of fragments in heavy ion collisions
Using quantum molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the formation of
fragments in symmetric reactions between beam energies of E=30AMeV and 600AMeV.
After a comparison with existing data we investigate some observables relevant
to tackle equilibration: dsigma/dErat, the double differential cross section
dsigma/pt.dpz.dpt,... Apart maybe from very energetic E>400AMeV and very
central reactions, none of our simulations gives evidence that the system
passes through a state of equilibrium. Later, we address the production
mechanisms and find that, whatever the energy, nucleons finally entrained in a
fragment exhibit strong initial-final state correlations, in coordinate as well
as in momentum space. At high energy those correlations resemble the ones
obtained in the participant-spectator model. At low energy the correlations are
equally strong, but more complicated; they are a consequence of the Pauli
blocking of the nucleon-nucleon collisions, the geometry, and the excitation
energy. Studying a second set of time-dependent variables (radii,
densities,...), we investigate in details how those correlations survive the
reaction especially in central reactions where the nucleons have to pass
through the whole system. It appears that some fragments are made of nucleons
which were initially correlated, whereas others are formed by nucleons
scattered during the reaction into the vicinity of a group of previously
correlated nucleons.Comment: 45 pages text + 20 postscript figures Accepted for publication in
Physical Review
Neutrons from multiplicity-selected Au-Au collisions at 150, 250, 400, and 650 AMeV
We measured neutron triple-differential cross sections from
multiplicity-selected Au-Au collisions at 150, 250, 400, and 650 \AMeV. The
reaction plane for each collision was estimated from the summed transverse
velocity vector of the charged fragments emitted in the collision. We examined
the azimuthal distribution of the triple-differential cross sections as a
function of the polar angle and the neutron rapidity. We extracted the average
in--plane transverse momentum and the normalized
observable , where is the neutron
transverse momentum, as a function of the neutron center-of-mass rapidity, and
we examined the dependence of these observables on beam energy. These
collective flow observables for neutrons, which are consistent with those of
protons plus bound nucleons from the Plastic Ball Group, agree with the
Boltzmann--Uehling--Uhlenbeck (BUU) calculations with a momentum--dependent
interaction. Also, we calculated the polar-angle-integrated maximum azimuthal
anisotropy ratio R from the value of .Comment: 20 LaTeX pages. 11 figures to be faxed on request, send email to
sender's addres
Radial Flow in Au+Au Collisions at E=0.25-1.15 A GeV
A systematic study of energy spectra for light particles emitted at
midrapidity from Au+Au collisions at E=0.25-1.15 A GeV reveals a significant
non-thermal component consistent with a collective radial flow. This component
is evaluated as a function of bombarding energy and event centrality.
Comparisons to Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) and Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck
(BUU) models are made for different equations of state.Comment: 10 pages of text and 4 figures (all ps files in a uuencoded package)
Influence of Surface Properties and Impact Conditions on Adhesion of Insect Residues
Insect residues can cause premature transition to turbulent flow on laminar flow airfoils. Engineered surfaces that mitigate the adhesion of insect residues provide, therefore, a route to more efficient aerodynamics and reduced fuel burn rates. Areal coverage and heights of residues depend not only on surface properties, but also on impact conditions. We report high speed photography of fruit fly impacts at different angles of inclination on a rigid aluminum surface, optical microscopy and profilometry, and contact angle goniometry to support the design of engineered surfaces. For the polyurethane and epoxy coatings studied, some of which exhibited superhydrophobicity, it was determined that impact angle and surface compositions play critical roles in the efficacy of these surfaces to reduce insect residue adhesion
Higher Levels of Income and Education are Associated with More Specialized Sport Participation Behaviors: Results from a Representative Sample of Youth Sport Parents from the United States
# Background
While previous studies have examined the impact of family socioeconomic characteristics on a child's sport specialization behaviors, this research has been limited to affluent communities with limited sociodemographic diversity.
# Hypothesis/Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine associations of parent income and education with child sport specialization behaviors among a nationally representative sample of youth sport parents in the United States.
# Study Design
Cross-sectional.
# Methods
Parents of youth athletes in the United States (n=236, age: 39.2±8.1 years, 57.2% female) were recruited to complete an online questionnaire by Qualtrics Online Samples (Qualtrics, Provo, UT) using a combination of actively managed, double-opt-in market research panels. The questionnaire used for this study consisted of: 1) parent demographics (including parent age, race/ethnicity, biological sex, gender identity, household income, and educational status), and 2) child sport participation characteristics and sport specialization behaviors.
# Results
Parents who reported an annual household income of \$75,001 or more were more likely than parents making less than \$75,000 to report that their child participated on an organized club team (OR : 1.94 ), participated on multiple organized teams at the same time (OR : 1.85 ), or specialized in a single sport (OR : 2.45 ). Parents who reported receiving a Bachelor's degree or higher were more likely than parents who did not to report that their child participated on an organized club team (OR : 3.04 ), participated on multiple organized teams at the same time (OR : 2.42 ), or specialized in a single sport (OR : 1.94 ).
# Conclusions
Thes results suggest that in the modern youth sport culture, family resources may serve as a major determining factor in the type of experiences available for a youth athlete.
# Level of Evidence
II
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