Influence of selected variables upon clothing knowledge of fifth grade 4-H Club girls in McMinn County, Tennessee

The purpose of this study was to determine the clothing knowledge of fifth grade girls at the beginning of the year and again at the end of the year and the factors that affected that knowledge. The factors were related to the level of clothing knowledge as indicated by the differences in scores on pretests and posttests given at the beginning of the fifth grade and at the end of the fifth grade. The 184 girls used in the study were from the fifth grade enroll ment in the McMinn County, Tennessee, school system in 1973-1974. Information was secured by completion of two questionnaires and the testing device by the respondents. The pretest and posttest scores were based upon content of the knowledge test regarding grooming, vocabulary, knowledge of recommended methods, terms and fabrics, and the identification of sewing equipment and the parts of the sewing machine. Tests of significance of differences in mean pretest and posttest scores were made using the t test. Those differences achieving the .05 level of probability were considered significant. The t test and the .05 probability levels were also used when comparing clothing project members with non-clothing project members as to the clothing knowledge pretest and posttest scores. Background information and personal characteristics of all respondents and educational experiences of clothing project members were analyzed on the basis of mean pretest and posttest scores on clothing knowledge. These observed relationships were considered significant when a probability level of .05 or less was obtained using the analysis of variance F test. Significant findings of the study were; 1. All respondents had a significant increase in clothing knowledge scores between the pretest and posttest on all sections of the clothing knowledge test. 2. The greatest increase in knowledge for all respondents was on sewing equipment. The least increase in knowledge was on recommended methods of construction. 3. Clothing project members had significantly higher posttest knowledge scores than non-clothing project members on grooming and parts of the sewing machine. 4. The relative increase in clothing knowledge scores was low for all respondents. 5. Four-H Club clothing project members who lived in a town and on a farm had higher pretest scores than those who lived in rural and rural nonfarm areas. 6. All respondents and non-clothing project members whose mothers were members of clubs and organizations had higher pretest and posttest scores than those whose mothers were not members of clubs and organiza tions . 7. All respondents whose fathers were employed in professional positions had higher pretest scores than other occupations. All respondents whose fathers were employed in industry had the highest posttest scores. 8. Girls who were the average age (i.e., ten years old) made higher pretest and posttest scores. 9. Higher grades recieved in school denoted higher pretest and posttest scores by clothing project members. 10. Prior hand sewing experience resulted in higher posttest scores for all respondents and higher pretest and posttest scores for non-clothing project members. 11. Prior machine sewing experience resulted in higher pretest and posttest scores for all respondents, higher posttest scores for clothing project members and higher pretest scores for non-clothing project members. 12. The availability of a sewing machine influenced the pretest scores of all respondents, clothing project members and non-clothing project members. 13. Those who received help with the clothing project had higher posttest scores than pretest scores. Pretest and posttest scores on clothing knowledge found not to be significantly related were as follows: 1. Clothing project members did not differ from non-clothing project members as to total test scores on clothing knowledge. 2. Place of residence was not related to the pretest or posttest scores of clothing project members and pretest or posttest scores of non-clothing project members. 3. Family income was not significantly related to pretest or posttest scores of all respondents. 4. Employment of respondent\u27s mother was not significantly related to pretest or posttest scores of all respondents. 5. Membership of the respondent\u27s mother in clubs and organizations was not significantly related to pretest or posttest scores of clothing project members and non-clothing project members, 6. Sewing activity of respondent\u27s mother was not significantly related to the pretest or posttest scores of all respondents. 7. Employment of respondent\u27s father was not significantly related to the pretest or posttest scores of clothing project members or non-clothing project members. 8. Age of respondents was not significantly related to the posttest scores of clothing project members. 9. Grades received in school was not significantly related to the pretest scores of clothing project members. 10. Participation in extracurricular activities was not significantly related to the pretest or posttest scores of all respondents. 11. Prior hand sewing experience was not significantly related to the pretest scores of all respondents and the pretest or posttest scores of clothing project members, 12. Prior machine sewing experience was not significantly related to the pretest scores of clothing project members or to posttest scores of non-clothing project members. 13. Availability of a sewing machine was not significantly related to posttest scores of all respondents. 14. Availability of clothing project guide, use of the guide, completion of the project record, participation in a clothing demonstration or participation in 4-H Dress Revue were not significantly related to pretest or posttest scores of clothing project members. 15. Help received with clothing project was not significantly related to pretest scores of clothing project members. Implications and recommendations were also made

The Iowa Homemaker vol.20, no.2

Your College Home, Editor, page 1 Home Economics Cabinet, Florence Byrnes, page 2 Study on a Budget, Dorothy Lee Conquest, page 4 Forward March with Confidence, Eleanor White, page 6 Home Economist from Far Away, Ruby Jackson, page 7 It’s a Man’s World, Gaynold Carroll, page 8 Art, Music, and Literature Mingle, Nancy Mason, page 10 Who’s Who on Campus, Dorothy Anne Roost, page 11 What’s New in Home Economics, page 12 Women’s Athletics Will Enter New Home, Jeanette Foster, page 14 Personalize Your Letter Writing, Virginia Kirkpatrick, page 15 Behind Bright Jackets, Marjorie Thomas, page 16 Coed Concoctions, Marian Dougan, page 18 Alums in the News, Bette Simpson, page 20 Give Beauty a Chance, Ida Halpin, page 22 Journalistic Spindles, Ruth Jensen, page 2

The Iowa Homemaker vol.19, no.6

The Home, page 1 Streamlining in Local Fashion, page 2 From Simpleton to Smartie, page 3 Pretty as a Valentine, page 4 Playing House in College, page 6 Through Pre-School Days, page 7 What’s New in Home Economics, page 8 Home Fires of Mount Vernon, page 10 From Journalistic Spindles, page 11 The Journalistic Touch, page 12 Alums in the News, page 13 Behind Bright Jackets, page 14 Inquisitive Intellect, page 15 Biography of a Home Economist, page 1

The Iowa Homemaker vol.17, no.1

What Goes on Behind the Swinging Doors by Doris Ingle, page 2 How Many Wish a Soft and Gentle Voice? by Ida Ruth Younkin, page 3 For a Sentimental Season by Gaynold Carroll, page 4 Make the Shoe Fit by Jean Reis, page 5 Color, Harmony and Mood by Dorothy Evans, page 6 Three Girls, page 7 What’s New in Home Economics, page 8 “Men Crave Real Food!” by Marie Bernds, page 10 Pack a Sense of Humor in Your Picnic Hamper by Helen Clark, page 11 A New Season Brings Grads New Jobs by Faithe Danielson, page 12 Pleasure With Practice by Florence Rannells, page 12 Behind Bright Jackets, page 13 No More Baker’s Bread! by Carrie Palmer, page 14 An Apple a Day, page 15 Say Goodbye to Frizzy Ends, page 15 Pet Your Plant, page 1

The Iowa Homemaker vol.16, no.6

Cooperation Transforms Work Into Play by Helen Clark and Charlotte Heffner, page 2 Modernize Your Walls by Virginia Berry, page 3 Take a Hint from Sally by Gaynold Carroll, page 4 Should Women Have Careers? by Josephine Betty, page 6 Many Foods Make Their Debut by Jean Reis and Clare Pell, page 7 What’s New in Home Economics, page 8 The Woman’s Place in Politics by Dorothy Fedderson, page 11 Mrs. Chang Serves a Chinese Dinner by Helen Peg Belken, page 12 Graduates in New Positions by Faithe Danielson, page 13 Extend the Holiday Hilarity by Marie Larson, page 14 Shopping for Hose by Rosalie Ralston, page 15 Hints for the Coed, page 1

The Iowa Homemaker vol.19, no.2

Dedication, page 1 Personality and Popularity, page 2 Herbs – the Secret of Foreign Contries, page 3 Dear Sis, page 4 Home Economics Women Take the Air, page 5 Sally’s Predictions, page 6 Iowa State’s Honoraries, page 8 The Carillon, page 9 What’s New in Home Economics, page 10 Moderns Emphasize Health, page 12 A Book Lover’s Boon, page 13 Behind Bright Jackets, page 14 Alums in the News, page 15 Dreams of a Dorm Room, page 16 A Worthy Phi U Project, page 18 From Journalistic Spindles, page 19 Biography of a Home Economist, page 2

The Iowa Homemaker vol.19, no.7

The Fashion World, page 1 Highlights of Leather, page 2 Inside Story of Costume Creation, page 3 Sally Cures Spring Fever, page 4 Designers Inspire Clothes-Conscious Coed, page 6 Trim Togs for Oomph, page 7 Fur – A Costume Climax, page 8 Fashion History Through the Story of Dolls, page 9 What’s New In Home Economics, page 10 Design Your Own, page 12 Hosiery Goes Modern, page 13 Research Brings Better Buymanship, page 14 Alums in the News, page 15 Behind Bright Jackets, page 16 Discover Your Jewelry Personality, page 17 Fashion Finds a la francais, page 18 From Journalistic Spindles, page 19 Biography of a Home Economist, page 2

GEOLOGIC SCREENING CRITERIA FOR SEQUESTRATION OF CO2 IN COAL: QUANTIFYING POTENTIAL OF THE BLACK WARRIOR COALBED METHANE FAIRWAY, ALABAMA

Sequestration of CO{sub 2} in coal has potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired power plants while enhancing coalbed methane recovery. Data from more than 4,000 coalbed methane wells in the Black Warrior basin of Alabama provide an opportunity to quantify the carbon sequestration potential of coal and to develop a geologic screening model for the application of carbon sequestration technology. This report summarizes stratigraphy and sedimentation, structural geology, geothermics, hydrology, coal quality, gas capacity, and production characteristics of coal in the Black Warrior coalbed methane fairway and the implications of geology for carbon sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery. Coal in the Black Warrior basin is distributed among several fluvial-deltaic coal zones in the Lower Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation. Most coal zones contain one to three coal beds that are significant targets for coalbed methane production and carbon sequestration, and net coal thickness generally increases southeastward. Pottsville strata have effectively no matrix permeability to water, so virtually all flow is through natural fractures. Faults and folds influence the abundance and openness of fractures and, hence, the performance of coalbed methane wells. Water chemistry in the Pottsville Formation ranges from fresh to saline, and zones with TDS content lower than 10,000 mg/L can be classified as USDW. An aquifer exemption facilitating enhanced recovery in USDW can be obtained where TDS content is higher than 3,000 mg/L. Carbon dioxide becomes a supercritical fluid above a temperature of 88 F and a pressure of 1,074 psi. Reservoir temperature exceeds 88 F in much of the study area. Hydrostatic pressure gradients range from normal to extremely underpressured. A large area of underpressure is developed around closely spaced longwall coal mines, and areas of natural underpressure are distributed among the coalbed methane fields. The mobility and reactivity of supercritical CO{sub 2} in coal-bearing strata is unknown, and potential exists for supercritical conditions to develop below a depth of 2,480 feet following abandonment of the coalbed methane fields. High-pressure adsorption isotherms confirm that coal sorbs approximately twice as much CO{sub 2} as CH{sub 4} and approximately four times as much CO{sub 2} as N{sub 2}. Analysis of isotherm data reveals that the sorption performance of each gas can vary by a factor of two depending on rank and ash content. Gas content data exhibit extreme vertical and lateral variability that is the product of a complex burial history involving an early phase of thermogenic gas generation and an ongoing stage of late biogenic gas generation. Production characteristics of coalbed methane wells are helpful for identifying areas that are candidates for carbon sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery. Many geologic and engineering factors, including well construction, well spacing, and regional structure influence well performance. Close fault spacing limits areas where five-spot patterns may be developed for enhanced gas recovery, but large structural panels lacking normal faults are in several gas fields and can be given priority as areas to demonstrate and commercialize carbon sequestration technology in coalbed methane reservoirs