The multiple quantum NMR dynamics in systems of equivalent spins with the dipolar ordered initial state

The multiple quantum (MQ) NMR dynamics in the system of equivalent spins with the dipolar ordered initial state is considered. The high symmetry of the MQ Hamiltonian is used in order to develop the analytical and numerical methods for an investigation of the MQ NMR dynamics in the systems consisting of hundreds of spins from "the first principles". We obtain the dependence of the intensities of the MQ NMR coherences on their orders (profiles of the MQ NMR coherences) for the systems of $200 - 600$ spins. It is shown that these profiles may be well approximated by the exponential distribution functions. We also compare the MQ NMR dynamics in the systems of equivalent spins having two different initial states, namely the dipolar ordered state and the thermal equilibrium state in the strong external magnetic field.Comment: 11 pages 4 figure

Exact results on spin dynamics and multiple quantum dynamics in alternating spin-1/2 chains with XY-Hamiltonian at high temperatures

We extend the picture of a transfer of nuclear spin-1/2 polarization along a homogeneous one-dimensional chain with the XY-Hamiltonian to the inhomogeneous chain with alternating nearest neighbour couplings and alternating Larmor frequencies. To this end, we calculate exactly the spectrum of the spin-1/2 XY-Hamiltonian of the alternating chain with an odd number of sites. The exact spectrum of the XY-Hamiltonian is also applied to study the multiple quantum (MQ) NMR dynamics of the alternating spin-1/2 chain. MQ NMR spectra are shown to have the MQ coherences of zero and $\pm$ second orders just as in the case of a homogeneous chain. The intensities of the MQ coherences are calculated.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES QUALITY ROYAL ROOTS AND SUGAR BEET SEEDS PROCESSING OF CROPS QUEEN

Research on the effect of herbicides against dicotyledonous weeds Betanal Extra and against grass weeds Centurion on uterine beet growth and development is widely used on sugar beet.No significant difference according to the rules and types of herbicides as ChS component and pollinators and polyspermous for fractional composition of roots was found. The basic amount of ChS component of uterine plants was 150 g from 66 to 72%, polyspermous pollinators - from 46 to 72%, which can be planted by existing planting machines. In the meantime, as on the control such roots by the components were 66 and 42% respectively. However, negative influence of these herbicides on seed biometric indicators, which uterine plants were treated with, wasn’t set. Significant violations of ploidy of uterine beet plant components were determined. Uterine sugar beet treatment with maximum dose of herbicides is recommended for sugar beet sowings, the number of diploids is decreased by 51.3–54.2%, while the number of miksploids is increased in 3,9–4,1 times in comparison with the control. The least chromosomal device change is undergone by the uterine plants processing of Betanal Expert herbicide in norm 1 l/ha. Seed analysis showed that even with such significant violations of ploidy of uterine sugar beet plant components, there is no significant influence of herbicides on seed quality, especially for its purity. Using Extra Betanal herbicide as completely norm and as half of the norm, from the recommended rate and Centurion herbicide half norm from the recommended has not led to germination and purity of seed decreasing. Germination of seed was 66–72% (66% in control), purity - 96,1–97,6% in control 96.6% (LSD05 = 2.6%)

Multiple-Quantum Spin Dynamics of Entanglement

Dynamics of entanglement is investigated on the basis of exactly solvable models of multiple-quantum (MQ) NMR spin dynamics. It is shown that the time evolution of MQ coherences of systems of coupled nuclear spins in solids is directly connected with dynamics of the quantum entanglement. We studied analytically dynamics of entangled states for two- and three-spin systems coupled by the dipole-dipole interaction. In this case dynamics of the quantum entanglement is uniquely determined by the time evolution of MQ coherences of the second order. The real part of the density matrix describing MQ dynamics in solids is responsible for MQ coherences of the zeroth order while its imaginary part is responsible for the second order. Thus, one can conclude that dynamics of the entanglement is connected with transitions from the real part of the density matrix to the imaginary one and vice versa. A pure state which generalizes the GHZ and W states is found. Different measures of the entanglement of this state are analyzed for three-partite systems.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Study of the Forces Acting on the Animal in the Installation for Fixing with Veterinary Treatments

The study of the forces acting on the animal in the installation for fixing with veterinary treatments. The most time consuming processes in service animals are zootechnical and veterinary treatment of sheep. During the year, it is necessary to carry out more than ten such treatments of each animal, which requires a lot of labor. Almost all animal treatments such as feed to the operator’s workplace and their fixation in a convenient position for him requires significant physical effort of the operator. Therefore, today the technologies and technical means should be created to reduce labor costs for various treatments. The relevance of the problem is due to the lack of theoretical foundations and experimental data for the creation of technological equipment for fixing sheep in zootechnical and veterinary treatments. The purpose of the study is the theoretical and experimental justification of the installation for fixing sheep in zootechnical and veterinary treatments with the justification of the existing efforts on the animal, excluding injury. Developed installation and presented a scheme with two of the conveyor belts forming the grooved shape When designing the installation, the main focus was on the justification of structural elements and modes of operation from the viewpoint of eliminating the possibility of injury to the animal. The experimental studies have confirmed the correctness of the obtained analytical dependences. The obtained results will enable designers to create equipment for the fixation of sheep at the zootechnical and veterinary treatments, precluding injury to the animal and reducing labor costs

Asymmetry of bipartite quantum discord

It is known from the analysis of the density matrix for bipartite systems that the quantum discord (as a measure of quantum correlations) depends on the particular subsystem chosen for the projective measurements. We study asymmetry of the discord in a simple physical model of two spin-1/2 particles with the dipole-dipole interaction governed by the XY Hamiltonian in the inhomogeneous magnetic field. The dependence of the above discord asymmetry on the Larmour frequencies at both T=0 (the ground state) and $T>0$ has been investigated. It is demonstrated, in particular, that the asymmetry is negligible for high temperatures but it may become significant with the decrease in temperature.Comment: 5 pages 3 figure

NMR multiple quantum coherences in quasi-one-dimensional spin systems: Comparison with ideal spin-chain dynamics

The 19F spins in a crystal of fluorapatite have often been used to experimentally approximate a one-dimensional spin system. Under suitable multi-pulse control, the nuclear spin dynamics may be modeled to first approximation by a double-quantum one-dimensional Hamiltonian, which is analytically solvable for nearest-neighbor couplings. Here, we use solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques to investigate the multiple quantum coherence dynamics of fluorapatite, with an emphasis on understanding the region of validity for such a simplified picture. Using experimental, numerical, and analytical methods, we explore the effects of long-range intra-chain couplings, cross-chain couplings, as well as couplings to a spin environment, all of which tend to damp the oscillations of the multiple quantum coherence signal at sufficiently long times. Our analysis characterizes the extent to which fluorapatite can faithfully simulate a one-dimensional quantum wire.Comment: 14 pages, 11 eps color figure

Identification of particles with Lorentz factor up to 10410^{4} with Transition Radiation Detectors based on micro-strip silicon detectors

This work is dedicated to the study of a technique for hadron identification in the TeV momentum range, based on the simultaneous measurement of the energies and of the emission angles of the Transition Radiation (TR) X-rays with respect to the radiating particles. A detector setup has been built and tested with particles in a wide range of Lorentz factors (from about $10^3$ to about $4 \times 10^4$ crossing different types of radiators. The measured double-differential (in energy and angle) spectra of the TR photons are in a reasonably good agreement with TR simulation predictions.Comment: 31 pages, 12 figures, paper published on Nuclear Instruments & Methods

EVALUATION OF SUITABILITY OF METHODS FOR TESTING BLOOD PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES FOR THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND TOXICITY

The use of high quality nutrient media comprising protein hydrolysates as the main components for maintaining their nutrient value is a critical prerequisite for appropriate fnal product preparation in FMD vaccine biotechnology. The incoming control of raw materials, in particular testing blood protein hydrolysates of different batches for their quality, is of considerable importance. Currently, there are different methods for the determination of hydrolysate efcacy using cell cultures and unicellular organisms as test systems. We used suspended baby hamster kidney (ВНК-21) cell line as a model for testing blood protein hydrolysates in the raw materials intended for FMD vaccine production for their biological activity and toxicity. The validation of the proposed method was carried out to confrm the reliability of the test results obtained. The following main validation characteristics were determined through testing 560 blood protein hydrolysate samples: trueness, specifcity, sensitivity, as well as precision under repeatability and reproducibility conditions. The validation results for the proposed method demonstrated high reliability (Fisher’s criterion – 0.021; ≤0.050) and full compliance with acceptance criteria